Table 2.

Momentary-level associations between PSS-EMA (Perceived Stress Scale – Ecological-Momentary-Assessment) and cortisol: Results from linear mixed models predicting momentary log-transformed cortisol by PSS-EMA (within-/between-person effect), adjusted for time of day, meal intake, gestational age (GA), weekend/-day, pre-pregnancy body-mass-index (BMI).

Fixed effects
	B (SE)	beta	95% CI for B	p
Intercept	−2.290 (0.164)		−2.613 – −1.968	<.001***
Level 1
PSS-EMA.cwc	0.030 (0.014)	.021	0.003 – 0.058	.031*
t1	1.625 (0.159)	.496	1.312 – 1.938	<.001***
t2	0.801 (0.108)	.226	0.588 – 1.013	<.001***
t3	0.367 (0.124)	.135	0.124 – 0.610	.003**
t4	−0.143 (0.119)	−.042	−0.376 – 0.090	.230
t5	−0.846 (0.131)	−.187	−1.103 – −0.589	<.001***
Meal intake	0.104 (0.019)	.052	0.067 – 0.141	<.001***
GA	0.116 (0.007)	.250	0.102 – 0.129	<.001***
Level 2
Weekend	−0.058 (0.016)	−.037	−0.091 – −0.026	<.001***
Level 3
Level 4
PSS-EMA.pm	0.023 (0.046)	.017	−0.066 – 0.117	.583
Pre-pregnancy BMI	−0.008 (0.003)	−.007	−0.014 – −0.001	.022*
Random effects
	Variance		SD
ID	0.067		0.258
Stage of pregnancy	0.027		0.164
Day	0.015		0.123
Residual	0.185		0.430

Note. Significance codes:

p > .01 ‘ ‘

p < .10 ‘.’

p < .05 ‘*’

p < 0.01 ‘**’

p < .001 ‘***’.

Results displayed for log-transformed cortisol. Transformation did not change magnitude, direction nor significance level of the reported effects. For fit indices, see Supplement Table S7.