TABLE 2.
Event Characteristics by Initial Rhythm
| Event Characteristic | Overall (n = 164) | Bradycardia and Poor Perfusion (n = 96) | Pulseless (n = 68) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prearrest hemodynamics, median (IQR) | ||||
| Mean DBP (6–10 min prearrest) | 41.5 (34.0–50.2) | 42.1 (33.2–52.0) | 40.8 (35.2–49.6) | 0.686a |
| Mean SBP (6–10 min prearrest) | 75.0 (59.2–92.0) | 75.5 (60.8–94.0) | 67.6 (55.6–89.6) | 0.357a |
| Mean DBP (1–5 min prearrest) | 39.8 (31.0–48.8) | 38.1 (30.1–49.2) | 40.8 (32.4–45.3) | 0.322a |
| Mean SBP (1–5 min prearrest) | 66.0 (54.0–88.8) | 65.1 (53.9–92.1) | 68.0 (54.0–84.4) | 0.704a |
| Immediate cause, n (%) | ||||
| Hypotension | 110 (67) | 66 (69) | 44 (65) | 0.616b |
| Respiratory decompensation | 72 (44) | 53 (55) | 19 (28) | < 0.001b |
| Location of CPR event, n (%) | 0.516b | |||
| PICU | 64 (39) | 35 (36) | 29 (43) | |
| Cardiac ICU | 100 (61) | 61 (64) | 39 (57) | |
| Initial pulseless rhythm, n (%) | ||||
| Asystole/pulseless electrical activity | 49 (72) | |||
| Ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia | 19 (28) | |||
| Duration or CPR, min, median (IQR) | 8.0 (3.0–27.0) | 7.0 (3.0–23.0) | 12.0 (4.0–36.5) | 0.092a |
| Duration of CPR, min, n (%) | 0.105c | |||
| 1–5 | 69 (42) | 43 (45) | 26 (38) | |
| 6–15 | 34 (21) | 21 (22) | 13 (19) | |
| 16–35 | 29 (18) | 18 (19) | 11 (16) | |
| > 35 | 31 (19) | 13 (14) | 18 (26) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Timed, n (%) | 0.948b | |||
| Weekday | 102 (62) | 60 (63) | 42 (62) | |
| Weeknight | 34 (21) | 19 (20) | 15 (22) | |
| Weekend | 28 (17) | 17 (18) | 11 (16) | |
| Interventions in place, n (%) | ||||
| Central venous catheter | 142 (87) | 84 (88) | 58 (85) | 0.817b |
| Vasoactive infusion | 128 (78) | 73 (76) | 55 (81) | 0.566b |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 134 (82) | 77 (80) | 57 (84) | 0.683b |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 19 (12) | 12 (13) | 7 (10) | 0.806b |
| Pharmacologic interventions | ||||
| Epinephrine, n (%) | 143 (87) | 86 (90) | 57 (84) | 0.344b |
| Number of doses (when used), median (IQR) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–6) | 0.061b,e |
| Calcium, n (%) | 78 (48) | 41 (43) | 37 (54) | 0.155a |
| Sodium bicarbonate, n (%) | 93 (57) | 54 (56) | 39 (57) | 1.000a |
CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, IQR = interquartile range, SBP = systolic blood pressure.
a
Fisher exact test is used for categorical variables.
b
The Wilcoxon rank-sum test is used for continuous variables.
c
The Cochran-Armitage test for trend is used for duration of CPR category variables.
d
Weekdays: Monday to Friday, 07:00 to 22:59; weeknights: Monday to Friday, 23:00 to 06:59; and weekends: Saturday to Sunday.
e
The comparison of the number of epinephrine doses is based only on index events for which epinephrine was used.