Table 2. Crude and Adjusted 5-Year Survival After Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries Aged ≥66, Medicare Cohort 2008–2017a .
| Characteristic | Crudeb | Adjusted Model 1c | Adjusted Model 2d |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total e | 43.7 (43.6–43.8) | 44.1 (44.0–44.2) | 44.0 (43.9–44.1) |
| Age at acute ischemic stroke, y | |||
| 66–74 | 64.2 (64.0–64.4) | 64.7 (64.6–64.9) | 63.7 (63.6–63.9) |
| 75–84 | 45.6 (45.4–45.7) | 45.8 (45.7–46.0) | 45.4 (45.2–45.5) |
| ≥85 | 18.9 (18.7–19.0) | 19.3 (19.2–19.5) | 20.7 (20.6–20.8) |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 46.9 (46.8–47.1) | 44.0 (43.9–44.1) | 44.2 (44.1–44.4) |
| Women | 41.2 (41.1–41.3) | 44.3 (44.2–44.4) | 43.9 (43.7–44.0) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 43.7 (43.6–43.8) | 44.5 (44.4–44.6) | 43.8 (43.7–43.9) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 41.4 (41.1–41.7) | 40.1 (39.9–40.4) | 43.6 (43.3–43.8) |
| Hispanic | 46.3 (45.8–46.7) | 44.5 (44.2–44.9) | 46.6 (46.2–47.0) |
| Other non-Hispanic races | 48.9 (48.3–49.5) | 47.4 (46.9–48.0) | 48.7 (48.3–49.2) |
| Sex by race/ethnicity | |||
| Men | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 47.2 (47.0–47.3) | 44.6 (44.5–44.7) | 44.3 (44.2–44.4) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 42.1 (41.6–42.6) | 36.9 (36.5–37.3) | 40.8 (40.4–41.2) |
| Hispanic | 48.7 (48.0–49.4) | 44.3 (43.7–44.9) | 46.6 (46.1–47.1) |
| Other non-Hispanic races | 51.6 (50.7–52.5) | 47.4 (46.7–48.2) | 48.9 (48.2–49.7) |
| Women | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 40.9 (40.8–41.1) | 44.4 (44.3–44.5) | 43.4 (43.3–43.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 40.9 (40.5–41.3) | 42.1 (41.7–42.4) | 45.1 (44.8–45.4) |
| Hispanic | 44.2 (43.5–44.8) | 44.7 (44.2–45.3) | 46.6 (46.1–47.1) |
| Other non-Hispanic races | 46.5 (45.7–47.4) | 47.5 (46.8–48.2) | 48.6 (47.9–49.3) |
| Socioeconomic statusf, % | |||
| ≤25 | 44.3 (44.1–44.5) | 45.2 (45.0–45.4) | 44.8 (44.7–45.0) |
| 26–50 | 44.2 (44.0–44.4) | 44.2 (44.0–44.3) | 44.0 (43.9–44.2) |
| 51–75 | 43.6 (43.4–43.8) | 44.0 (43.9–44.2) | 44.0 (43.9–44.2) |
| >75 | 42.8 (42.6–43.0) | 43.1 (43.0–43.3) | 43.2 (43.0–43.3) |
a
Values are percentage (95% CI).
b
Crude survival was estimated by using Kaplan–Meier life table.
c
Model 1 adjusted survivals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusting for age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and state.
d
Model 2 includes Charlson Comorbidity Index (0, 1, 2, 3 and ≥4) in addition to the covariates in adjusted Model 1.
e
The median follow-up time for all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with acute ischemic stroke was 4.0 years with a total of 4.08 million person-years.
f
Socioeconomic status was defined by percentage below poverty level in the county of beneficiary residence in 2008; higher quartiles indicated higher level of poverty.