Table 1.
1H NMR chemical shifts (in ppm with reference to TSP) and J couplings (in Hz) for the coenzymes/ metabolites of redox reaction and cellular energy. Chemical shifts for characteristic peaks of metabolites that may be used for identification and quantification using 1D 1H NMR are shown in bold (modified with permission from ref. 17)
| Coenzyme/metabolite | Mouse heart/kidney/brain/liver/skeletal muscle | Authentic compoundsa |
|---|---|---|
| Coenzyme A (CoA) | 8.5641 (1H, s); 2.6089 (2H, t); 0.7314 (3H, s); 0.8594 (3H, s) | 8.5641 (s); 8.2796 (s); 6.1795 (d, 3JH,H = 7.17); 4.8517 (m); 4.7648 (m); 4.5771 (m); 4.2331 (m); 4.0036 (s); 3.5352 (dd, 2JH,H = 9.62, 3JH,31P = 4.82); 3.8055 (dd, 3JH,31P = 4.69); 3.4658 (t, 3JH,H = 6.58); 3.3161 (t,3JH,H = 6.65); 2.4653 (t, 3JH,H = 6.58); 2.6089 (t, 3JH,H = 6.65); 0.7315(s); 0.8594 (s) |
| Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) | 8.5626 (1H, s); 0.7340 (3H, s); 0.8674 (3H, s) | 8.5626 (s); 8.2729 (s); 6.1755 (d, 3JH,H = 7.16); 4.8519 (m); 4.7632 (m); 4.5758 (m); 4.2328 (m); 4.0107 (s); 3.5408 (dd,2JH,H = 9.77, 3JH,31P = 4.82); 3.8173 (dd,3JH,31P = 4.78); 3.4589 (m, 3JH,H = 6.59); 3.4413 (m,2JH,H = 13.42, 3JH,H = 6.59); 3.3190 (t,3JH,H = 6.40); 2.9642 (t, 3JH,H = 6.40); 2.4273 (t, 3JH,H = 6.59); 2.3495 (s); 0.7340 (s); 0.8674 (s) |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized (NAD+) | 4.371 (m); 4.387 (m); 4.429 (m); 4.487 (t, J = 5.213); 4.515 (m); 4.545 (m); 6.041 (1H, d, J = 6.042); 6.093 (1H, d, J = 5.482); 8.174 (1H, s); 8.193 (1H, dd); 8.434 (1H, s); 8.832 (1H, d, J = 7.992); 9.147 (1H, d, J = 6.158); 9.344 (1H, s) | 4.191–4.291 (m); 4.369 (m); 4.386 (m); 4.430 (m); 4.488 (t; J = 5.196); 4.514 (m); 4.546 (m); 6.042 (d, J = 6.089); 6.092 (d, J = 5.510); 8.176 (s); 8.193 (dd); 8.435 (s); 8.833 (d; J = 8.032); 9.148 (d; J = 6.138); 9.344 (s) |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized (NADP+) | 6.101 (d); 8.146 (1H, s), 8.424 (1H, s); 9.104 (1H, d); 9.300 (1H, s) | 4.181–4.236 (m); 4.284–4.342 (m); 4.377 (m); 4.411 (m); 4.461 (t; J = 5.286); 4.503 (m); 4.617 (t, J = 4.990); 4.968 (m); 6.037 (d; J = 5.560); 6.101 (d, J = 4.969); 8.146 (s); 8.168–8.199 (m); 8.423 (s); 8.818 (d, J = 8.008); 9.106 (d; J = 6.259); 9.299 (s) |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH) | 6.137 (d); 6.942 (1H, s); 8.247 (1H, s); 8.486 (1H, s) | 2.669 (br. d, J = 17.976); 2.793 (br. d, J = 17.976); 4.082 (br. m); 4.097 (br. m) 4.169–4.289 (br. m); 4.389 (br. m); 4.512 (t, J = 4.448); 4.709 (t, J = 5.272); 5.980 (d, J = 8.424); 6.138 (d, J = 5.479); 6.943 (s); 8.248 (s); 8.487 (s) |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced (NADPH) | 6.216 (d); 6.936 (1H, s); 8.481 (1H, s) | 2.737 (br. d, J = 18.093); 2.838 (br. d, J = 18.093); 4.044 (br. m); 4.066 (br. m); 4.154–4.236 (m); 4.285–4.325 (br. m); 4.390 (br. m); 4.597 (t, J = 5.049); 4.950 (m); 5.963 (d, J = 8.363); 6.216 (d, J = 4.597); 6.935 (s); 8.246 (s); 8.481 (s) |
| Adenine triphosphate (ATP) | 4.410 (m); 4.621(m); 6.155 (d); 8.274 (s); 8.549 (1H, s) | 4.192–4.233 (m); 4.278–4.318 (m); 4.392–4.421 (br. m); 4.620–4.648 (m); 6.153 (d, J = 5.974); 8.274 (s); 8.557 (s) |
| Adenine diphosphate (ADP) | 4.387 (m); 4.621(m); 6.155 (d); 8.273 (s); 8.544 (1H, s) | 4.187–4.219 (m); 4.244–4.283 (m); 4.377–4.398 (br. m); 4.611–4.634 (m); 6.156 (d, J = 5.383); 8.273 (s); 8.547 (s) |
| Adenine monophosphate (AMP) | 4.014 (m); 4.372 (m); 4.515 (m); 6.147 (d); 8.271 9(s); 8.619 (1H, s) | 3.995–4.026 (m); 4.359–4.383 (br. m); 4.501–4.526 (m); 6.148 (d, J = 5.965); 8.272 (s); 8.620 (s) |
| Glutathione, reduced (GSH) | 4.5713 (dd); 2.9551 (2H, abx); 2.170 (m); 2.554 (m) | 4.5707 (dd, 3JHH = 5.02, 3JHH = 7.13); 3.783 (m); 2.9551 (abx, 2JHH = 14.20, 3JHH = 7.28 3JHH = 5.05); 2.5616 (m); 2.1707 (m) |
| Glutathione, oxidized (GSSG) | 2.9763 (1H, dd); 2.554 (m); 2.170 (m) | 4.7657 (dd, 3JHH = 4.26, 3JHH = 9.58); 3.7813 (m); 3.3148 (dd, 3JHH = 4.40, 2JHH = 14.21); 2.9763 (dd, 3JHH = 9.57, 2JHH = 14.21); 2.5438 (m); 2.1684 (m) |
Chemical shifts for authentic compounds are shown for comparison
br. broad, s singlet, d doublet, dd doublet of doublets, t triplet, m multiplet, abx AB part of ABX pattern
a
Spectra for the authentic compounds were obtained near their physiological concentrations (100 μM) in D2O buffer at pH 7.45 at 298 K