Figure 3.

Effect of PM_2.5 on the expression and activation of NRF2/ARE pathways. (A) Relative expression of ARE was measured by RT-qPCR. (B) Expression of NRF2 in the cytoplasm (C-NRF2) and nucleus (N-NRF2). The C-NRF2 and GAPDH proteins come from the one gel, and N-NRF2 and GAPDH blots originate from the same gel. (C) Expression of KEAP1, HO-1 and NOQ-1. (D) ARE activation was evaluated by luciferase assay. Data are presented as the means ± SD; n=3, ^*P<0.05 and ^**P<0.01 compared with the control (0 mg/ml). PM_2.5, fine particulate matter; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; ARE, antioxidant response element.