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. 2020 Jul 13;12(3):174–193. doi: 10.1007/s13238-020-00742-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SHANK2 is highly amplified and overexpressed in human cancer. (A) SHANK2 on 11q13 is one of the most frequently amplified genes in human cancer. Shown are the numbers of tumor samples with amplification of major oncogenes. Data were tallied from COSMIC database. (B) The top 100 most frequently amplified genes in human cancer. Gene amplification status of all human genes were tallied from the COSMIC database and ranked with amplification frequency. Except for SHANK2, all other genes on the top 100 list are on the Myc amplicon at Chromosome 8. (C) Amplification status of 11q13 genes in tumor samples according to COSMIC database. On the Y axis, genes in 11q13 are aligned according to their chromosomal location. On the X axis, each line represents one tumor sample. Tumor samples that amplify both SHANK2 and CCND1 (cyclin D1) are shown in orange. Tumor samples that amplify SHANK2 but not CCND1 are shown in purple. Tumor samples that amplify CCND1 but not SHANK2 are shown in blue. The results indicate there are separate selective pressures for SHANK2 and CCND1 amplification in human cancer. (D) Multiple types of human cancer overexpress SHANK2. Analysis of tumor (red) vs. normal tissue (black) was done base on TCGA dataset. UCEC: uterine corpus endometrial cancer; ESCA: esophageal cancer; CHOL: cholangiocarcinoma; OV: ovarian cancer. *P < 0.05.