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. 2021 Feb 19;4:231. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01619-4

Fig. 2. Streptococcus growth media improve skin cells with various phenotypes.

Fig. 2

a–d Relative mRNA expression levels of a, collagen-associated genes important for elasticity in HDFs. b Elastic-fiber–associated genes in HDFs, c tight-junction–associated genes important for skin barrier function and moisture in HEKs, and d lipid barrier-associated genes in HEKs. HDFs human dermal fibroblast, HEKs human epithelial keratinocytes. Expression values are relative to control cells and represent the mean ± S.E. Three technical replicates were done. COL1A1 collagen type l alpha 1 chain, COL3A1 collagen type lll alpha 1 chain, ELN elastin, FBN1 fibrillin 1, DSC2 desmocollin 2, FLG filaggrin, GBA glucosylceramidase beta, ABCA12 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 12. e Micrographs of a skin cell layer in the control and after treatment with Poly I:C, Poly I:C and supernatant of S. pneumoniae, Poly I:C and supernatant of S. infantis 1, and Poly I:C and supernatant of S. infantis 2. 1 μg/mL of Poly I:C was used in each treatment. Arrow line indicates the thickness of the epidermal layer. f Corresponding plot of the thickness of skin cell layer, n = 6. g Nile red staining of HEKs treated with different Streptococcus-cultured media. h Plot of area of lipid accumulations, n = 7. The Student’s two-tailed t-test was used to calculate statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ns non-significant. Scale bar corresponds to 100 μm. Control is a non-treated condition.