Figure 2.

Ca²⁺ responses in chromaffin cells exposed to a single 2-ns, 16 MV/m unipolar pulse under different conditions. (a) Averaged fluorescence traces ± SEM for unexposed cells (gray traces: n = 9) and cells exposed to a 2-ns unipolar pulse (purple traces; n = 18). Arrow indicates the time of pulse delivery. (b) Comparison of the response of the cells to a 2-ns unipolar pulse in BSS containing 1.8 mM Ca²⁺ (n = 18), in Ca²⁺-free BSS (n = 5), in BSS with Na⁺ replaced with an equimolar concentration of NMDG⁺ (n = 14), and in BSS containing 1.8 mM Ca²⁺ and 200 μM Cd²⁺ (n = 19). The results are plotted as the mean ± SEM for the Ca²⁺ peaks normalized to the control shown in (a). ^∗p < 0.01, significantly different from the control. To see this figure in color, go online.