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. 2021 Feb 19;11:4241. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83341-7

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Number of pollen grains remaining unharvested on each staminate squash flower (Cucurbita pepo, var. Table Star) anther at the end of the squash bee (Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa) daily foraging period (dawn to 11 am). Bees were kept in hoop houses in which one systemic insecticide treatment (either Admire-imidacloprid, applied to soil at seeding; or Coragen-chlorantraniliprole applied as a foliar spray; or FarMore FI400-thiamethoxam applied as a seed treatment) was applied to the crop 8-weeks before the bee active period, or the crop remained untreated as a control. Data presented are means ± SE across three hoop houses per treatment from 2017.