Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of adolescents without diabetes vs. those with T1D stratified by BMI classification vs. those with T2D
| Control | T1D | T2D | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean control | Obese control | Lean T1D (BMI <85th percentile) | Overweight T1D (BMI 85– <95th percentile) | Obese T1D (BMI ≥95th percentile) | ||
| Participants, n | 43 | 47 | 82 | 28 | 25 | 59 |
| Age (years) | 15.0 ± 2.1 | 14.5 ± 2.0 | 15.7 ± 2.5 | 16.2 ± 2.3 | 15.6 ± 2.1c | 15.4 ± 2.3 |
| Female sex (%) | 63 | 68 | 50 | 79e | 32c,h | 71 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (% of total) | ||||||
| White | 25 (58) | 17 (36)a | 71 (87)b | 26 (93) | 20 (80)d | 11 (19)j |
| Hispanic | 8 (19) | 20 (43)a | 6 (7)a | 0 (0) | 3 (12)c | 34 (57)j |
| Other | 10 (23) | 10 (21) | 5 (6)a | 2 (7) | 2 (8) | 14 (24) |
| Tanner stage* | 5 (4, 5) | 5 (4, 5) | 5 (4, 5) | 5 (5, 5)e | 5 (4, 5)g | 5 (5, 5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9 ± 2.6 | 32.4 ± 5.9b | 20.8 ± 2.2 | 26.3 ± 2.7f | 31.1 ± 3.1fh | 33.6 ± 5.9i |
| Diabetes duration (years) | NA | NA | 7.2 ± 4.2 | 7.3 ± 4.0 | 5.5 ± 3.6 | 2.1 ± 1.9j |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 1.4b | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 8.7 ± 1.5d | 8.1 ± 2.4 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. NA, not applicable.
*
Median (interquartile range).
a
P < 0.05 vs. lean control group.
b
P < 0.001 vs. lean control group.
c
P < 0.05 vs. obese control group.
d
P < 0.001 vs. obese control group.
e
P < 0.05 vs. lean T1D.
f
P < 0.001 vs. lean T1D.
g
P < 0.05 vs. overweight T1D.
h
P < 0.001 vs. overweight T1D.
i
P < 0.05 vs. obese T1D.
j
P < 0.001 vs. obese T1D.