Table 2.
Cardiovascular vital signs and laboratory measures in adolescents without diabetes vs. those with T1D stratified by BMI classification vs. those with T2D
| Control | T1D | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean control | Obese control | Lean T1D | Overweight T1D | Obese T1D | T2D | |
| Participants, n | 43 | 47 | 82 | 28 | 25 | 59 |
| Vital sign | ||||||
| HR (bpm) | 65 ± 11 | 63 ± 9 | 68 ± 13 | 77 ± 13 | 78 ± 10de | 72 ± 13i |
| SBP (mmHg) | 110 ± 9 | 116 ± 9 | 114 ± 11a | 123 ± 9f | 124 ± 9d | 121 ± 12 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 64 ± 8 | 69 ± 8 | 68 ± 8a | 73 ± 8f | 73 ± 7cf | 70 ± 10 |
| SBP percentile | 48 ± 24 | 70 ± 20 | 57 ± 29 | 82 ± 17f | 81 ± 19cf | 76 ± 22 |
| DBP percentile | 47 ± 24 | 63 ± 22 | 54 ± 25 | 70 ± 21e | 72 ± 19cf | 64 ± 27 |
| Prevalence of hypertension* (%) | 5 | 11 | 10 | 26 | 44cfg | 12i |
| PP (mmHg) | 46 ± 6 | 47 ± 8 | 47 ± 10 | 51 ± 11f | 52 ± 12 | 51 ± 10 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 80 ± 8 | 85 ± 7 | 83 ± 8a | 89 ± 7f | 90 ± 5df | 87 ± 10 |
| Kidney function measure | ||||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.13 | 0.7 ± 0.18 | 0.7 ± 0.16 | 0.7 ± 0.13 | 0.7 ± 0.14g | 0.6 ± 0.15 |
| ACR** | 6.5 (5.3, 7.9) | 5.6 (4.4, 7.1) | 11.3 (8.6, 14.8)a | 10.9 (7.1, 17.0) | 8.1 (5.2, 12.7)c | 14.8 (9.3, 23.5) |
| Prevalence of microalbuminuria* (%) | 0 | 3 | 18a | 13 | 12 | 31 |
| eGFR (FAS) (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 105 ± 18 | 104 ± 22 | 113 ± 39 | 105 ± 22 | 113 ± 22 | 128 ± 36 |
| Prevalence of hyperfiltration* (%) | 9 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 13 | 33 |
| Laboratory measure | ||||||
| Adiponectin (µg/mL)** | 8.5 (7.5, 9.8) | 7.7 (6.7, 8.9) | 10.7 (9.6, 11.8)a | 9.7 (7.7, 12.3) | 8.6 (7.2, 10.4) | 5.1 (4.4, 5.9)i |
| Leptin (ng/mL)** | 7.0 (4.9, 10.0) | 31.9 (27.3, 37.1) | 7.7 (6.3, 9.5) | 21.5 (16.3, 28.3)f | 25.9 (21.1, 31.9)fh | 28.0 (23.3, 33.5) |
| hs-CRP (mg/L)** | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.8)cf | 2.7 (1.9, 3.7) |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. Comparisons made include the following: lean T1D vs. overweight T1D vs. obese T1D; obese T1D vs. T2D; obese control vs. T1D. FAS, full age spectrum.
*
Percent of total.
**
Geometric mean (95% CI).
a
P < 0.05 vs. lean control group.
b
P < 0.001 vs. lean control group.
c
P < 0.05 vs. obese control group.
d
P < 0.001 vs. obese control group.
e
P < 0.05 vs. lean T1D.
f
P < 0.001 vs. lean T1D.
g
P < 0.05 vs. overweight T1D.
h
P < 0.001 vs. overweight T1D.
i
P < 0.05 vs. obese T1D.
j
P < 0.001 vs. obese T1D.