Table 3.
Incidence rate of type 2 diabetes (per 100,000 person-years) in dietary index quintiles*
| Dietary indices | Type 2 diabetes incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | Q5 − Q1† | |
| EDIH | 1,160 | 1,195 | 1,148 | 1,161 | 1,380 | 220 |
| EDIP | 1,116 | 1,142 | 1,170 | 1,233 | 1,387 | 271 |
| GI‡ | 1,220 | 1,241 | 1,180 | 1,195 | 1,201 | −19 |
| GL‡ | 1,281 | 1,181 | 1,176 | 1,160 | 1,240 | −41 |
*
Each dietary score was adjusted for total energy intake, baseline age, hypertension, type 2 diabetes family history, hormone use, physical activity, education, race, pack-years of smoking, high cholesterol, WHI study arms, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, statin use, nutritional supplement use, and BMI. The incidence rate by GL quintiles was further adjusted for total fat, total protein, and dietary fiber.
†
Q5 − Q1: The excess incidence due to consuming a hyperinsulinemic/proinflammatory or hyperglycemic dietary pattern.
‡
GI and GL were calculated using total carbohydrates.