Table 1.
Characteristics of U.S. adults aged ≥20 years with newly diagnosed diabetes (diagnosed within the past 2 years), NHANES 1988–2018
| 1988–1994 | 1999–2008 | 2009–2018 | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Unweighted N = 312) | (Unweighted N = 518) | (Unweighted N = 656) | ||
| Age, % | ||||
| 20–44 years | 30.1 (20.8–41.3) | 27.8 (23.1–33.2) | 21.4 (17.6–25.8) | 0.12 |
| 45–64 years | 44.9 (35.5–54.7) | 47.6 (42.0–53.3) | 52.3 (47.4–57.2) | 0.24 |
| ≥65 years | 25.0 (19.3–31.7) | 24.5 (20.1–29.7) | 26.3 (21.8–31.3) | 0.67 |
| Age, mean, years | 54.3 (51.9–56.8) | 54.0 (52.3–55.7) | 55.3 (53.8–56.7) | 0.51 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 71.1 (62.5–78.4) | 60.1 (53.3–66.7) | 59.1 (53.4–64.6) | 0.01 |
| Mexican American | 5.4 (3.8–7.6) | 8.3 (5.8–11.7) | 9.8 (7.4–12.9) | 0.003 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.4 (9.8–18.0) | 18.1 (14.2–22.8) | 13.6 (10.6–17.4) | 0.85 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian* | — | — | 5.0 (3.8–6.6) | — |
| Other† | 10.2 (5.0–19.5) | 13.5 (9.4–18.9) | 12.4 (9.2–16.4) | — |
| Sex, % | 0.57 | |||
| Female | 51.8 (41.6–61.8) | 51.9 (46.3–57.5) | 49.2 (43.5–55.0) | |
| Male | 48.2 (38.2–58.4) | 48.1 (42.5–53.7) | 50.8 (45.0–56.5) | |
| Educational level, % | ||||
| High school or less | 74.2 (64.8–81.8) | 52.4 (45.8–58.8) | 47.0 (41.4–52.7) | <0.001 |
| Some college | 13.1 (7.8–21.2) | 30.8 (25.0–37.4) | 31.3 (26.0–37.3) | 0.001 |
| College graduate | 12.7 (7.3–21.2) | 16.8 (13.1–21.3) | 21.6 (16.8–27.5) | 0.05 |
| Poverty-to-income ratio, % | ||||
| <130% | 26.7 (19.9–34.9) | 27.2 (21.7–33.4) | 23.5 (19.6–28.0) | 0.37 |
| 130–350% | 49.6 (39.7–59.6) | 37.3 (31.2–43.9) | 41.5 (36.5–46.8) | 0.13 |
| ≥350% | 23.7 (16.2–33.2) | 35.5 (29.6–41.8) | 34.9 (29.5–40.8) | 0.02 |
| Usual source of care, % | 0.47 | |||
| No usual care | 6.2 (2.7–13.4) | 2.8 (1.7–4.7) | 4.0 (2.6–6.0) | |
| Any usual care | 93.8 (86.6–97.3) | 97.2 (95.3–98.3) | 96.0 (94.0–97.4) | |
| Health insurance status, % | 0.97 | |||
| Uninsured | 11.7 (6.5–20.2) | 15.5 (11.7–20.3) | 12.7 (10.1–16.0) | |
| Any insurance | 88.3 (79.8–93.5) | 84.5 (79.7–88.3) | 87.3 (84.0–89.9) | |
| BMI categories, %‡ | ||||
| Normal weight | 17.6 (11.8–25.4) | 10.9 (8.2–14.3) | 8.1 (5.6–11.6) | 0.01 |
| Overweight | 34.3 (27.0–42.5) | 28.5 (23.4–34.2) | 23.3 (19.2–27.9) | 0.01 |
| Obese | 48.1 (39.8–56.5) | 60.6 (53.9–66.9) | 68.6 (63.1–73.7) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean, kg/m2 | 31.0 (30.0–32.0) | 33.2 (32.2–34.2) | 34.5 (33.5–35.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, % | ||||
| Never smoker | 37.1 (28.4–46.7) | 50.2 (45.5–55.0) | 47.3 (42.4–52.2) | 0.09 |
| Former smoker | 39.7 (29.7–50.5) | 26.6 (21.8–32.0) | 34.5 (29.1–40.3) | 0.47 |
| Current smoker | 23.2 (15.6–33.1) | 23.2 (19.2–27.6) | 18.2 (14.4–22.8) | 0.29 |
Data are presented as percentages or means (with 95% CIs).
*
Representative information for non-Hispanic Asians only available in the 2011–2018 NHANES.
†
Trend not tested for “other” racial/ethnic group because of changing definition over survey years.
‡
Normal weight defined as BMI <25 kg/m2; overweight defined as BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2; and obese defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2.