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. 2021 Feb 19;20:15. doi: 10.1186/s12991-021-00335-5

Table 6.

Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis for factors associated with suicidal ideation among PLWHA at selected public hospitals, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia, 2017 (n = 326)

Variables Suicidal ideation COR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI)
Yes No
Age (in years)
 18–27 4 24 1.00 1.00
 28–37 24 97 1.49 (0.47, 4.68) 2.30 (0.36, 14.50)
 38–47 18 86 1.26 (0.39, 4.06) 2.13 (0.32, 14.03)
 >  = 48 6 67 0.54 (0.14, 2.07) 0.55 (0.06, 4.74)
Marital status
 Married 16 124 1.00 1.00
 Never married 11 48 1.78 (0.77, 4.10) 1.68 (0.46, 6.14)
 Divorced 18 63 2.21 (1.06, 4.63) 2.03 (0.64, 6.46)
 Widowed 7 39 1.39 (0.53, 3.63) 0.61 (0.13, 2.87)
Ethnicity
 Amhara 45 255 0.18 (0.02, 1.29) 0.13 (0.002, 10.77)
 Oromo 5 17 0.29 (0.03, 2.65) 0.09 (0.001, 9.84)
 Others 2 2 1.00 1.00
Employment status
 Unemployed/none 8 19 2.25 (0.92, 5.51) 1.01 (0.20, 5.09)
 Productive 6 52 0.62 (0.25, 1.54) 0.43 (0.12, 1.52)
 Income generating 38 203 1.00 1.00
average monthly income
 < 300 ETB 23 71 4.73 (1.70, 13.13) 4.02 (1.20, 3.51) *
 300–879 ETB 11 58 2.77 (0.91, 8.42) 1.87 (0.52, 6.72)
 880–1800 ETB 13 72 2.64 (0.89, 7.78) 1.44 (0.41, 5.04)
 > 1800 ETB 5 73 1.00 1.00
Hunger in the last month
 Yes 17 46 2.41 (1.24, 4.66) 0.64 (0.20, 2.07)
 No 35 228 1.00 1.00
Current living status
 Living with family 32 213 1.00 1.00
 Living alone 20 61 2.18 (1.17, 4.09) 2.46 (1.05, 5.74) *
Past psychiatric illness
 Yes 7 17 2.35 (0.92, 5.99) 0.58 (0.11, 3.05)
 No 45 257 1.00 1.00
History of suicidal thoughts before HIV status known
 Yes 15 7 15.46 (5.92, 40.42) 4.33 (0.84, 22.36)
 No 37 267 1.00 1.00
History of suicidal attempt before HIV status known
 Yes 15 3 36.62 (10.12, 132.55 8.74 (1.30, 58.88) *
 No 37 271 1.00 1.00
Family history of suicidality
 Yes 8 5 9.78 (3.06, 31.26) 5.79 (1.34, 25.08) *
 No 44 269 1.00 1.00
Started taking ARV drug
 Yes 48 264 1.00 1.00
 No 4 10 2.20 (0.66, 7.30) 1.42 (0.25, 8.09)
Self-rated current health status
 HIV positive with no symptoms 31 220 1.00 1.00
 Have symptoms, not changed normal daily routines 16 29 3.92 (1.91, 8.02) 2.10 (0.81, 5.48)
 Symptoms, change normal daily routines; extra rest not required 4 18 1.58 (0.50, 4.97) 0.24 (0.04, 1.36)
 Symptoms, in bed, or resting, less than half of waking hours 1 7 1.01 (0.12, 8.52) 0.08 (0.002, 3.03)
Symptoms of anxiety and depression
 Normal 23 221 1.00 1.00
 Mild 13 27 4.63 (2.10, 10.18) 5.78 (2.13, 15.75) ***
 Moderate to severe 16 26 5.91 (2.78, 12.60) 5.47 (2.01, 14.88) ***
Social support
 Poor support 34 144 1.71 (0.92, 3.17) 1.08 (0.42, 2.75)
 Moderate-to-strong support 52 274 1.00 1.00
History of gossip with the last 12 months because of HIV status
 Often 11 24 4.43 (1.87, 10.50) 2.38 (0.60, 9.50)
 Sometimes 16 51 3.03 (1.44, 6.37) 3.26 (1.07, 9.97) *
 Hardly ever 7 25 2.71 (1.03, 7.13) 1.36 (0.31, 6.02)
 Never 18 174 1.00 1.00
Consider oneself spiritual or religious
 Yes 37 228 1.00 1.00
 No 15 46 2.01 (1.02, 3.96) 1.17 (0.36, 3.84)
Rate of importance of faith/belief in life (mean score of scale from 0 to 5)
 Important (> = 3.96) 32 196 1.00 1.00
 Not important (< 3.96) 20 78 1.57 (0.85, 2.91) 1.25 (0.43, 3.70)
Ever use of tobacco
 Yes 6 14 2.42 (0.89, 6.63) 0.89 (0.17, 4.66)
 No 46 260 1.00 1.00
Ever use of khat
 Yes 13 24 3.47 (1.63, 7.38) 5.58 (2.08, 14.98) ***
 No 52 274 1.00 1.00
Current use of khat
 Yes 3 6 2.74 (0.66, 11.30) 0.51 (0.05, 4.75)
 No 49 268 1.00 1.00

*P value is significant at P < 0.05 **P value is significant at P < 0.01, ***P value is significant at P ≤ 0.001, 1.00 = reference for category, P value of Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.31

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