Table 1. Interactions between ligands and receptors in the TGF-β family.
Ligand (protein/gene) | Type II receptors | Type I receptors | References |
---|---|---|---|
Inhibina/INHA | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | No type 1 receptor | 48 |
Activin Ab/INHBA | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK2, ALK4, ALK5, ALK7 | 5, 59, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 |
Activin Bb/INHBB | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK2, ALK4, ALK5, ALK7 | 5, 122, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136 |
Activin Cb/INHBC | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | No type 1 receptor | 49 |
Activin Eb/INHBE | N.D. | N.D. | |
TGF-β1/TGFB1 | TGFβRII | ALK5, ALK1 | 14, 59, 129, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 |
TGF-β2/TGFB2 | TGFβRII | ALK5 | 14, 139, 142 |
TGF-β3/TGFB3 | TGFβRII | ALK5, ALK1 | 14, 139, 140, 141 |
BMP-2/BMP2 | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK2, ALK3, ALK6 | 134, 143, 144, 145, 146 |
BMP-3/BMP3 | ActRIIB | No type 1 receptor | 51, 147 |
BMP-4/BMP4 | BMPRII, ActRIIB | ALK3, ALK6 | 5, 146, 148, 149 |
BMP-5/BMP5 | N.D. | ALK2, ALK3, ALK6 | 120, 150, 151 |
BMP-6 (VGR1)/BMP6 | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK2, ALK3, ALK6 | 5, 143, 147 |
BMP-7 (OP-1)/BMP7 | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK2, ALK3, ALK6 | 5, 134, 144, 145, 148, 149, 152 |
BMP-8A (OP-2)/BMP8A | N.D. | N.D. | |
BMP-8B (OP-3)/BMP8B | N.D. | N.D. | |
BMP-9/GDF2 | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK1, ALK2 | 5, 6, 20, 21, 121, 153, 154, 155 |
BMP-10/BMP10 | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK1-3, ALK6 | 5, 21, 154, 155, 156, 157 |
GDF-1/GDF1 | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK4, ALK7 | 158, 159, 160 |
GDF-3 (VGR2)/GDF3 | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK4, ALK7 | 158, 161, 162 |
GDF-5 (BMP-14)/GDF5 | BMPRII, ActRIIA | ALK3, ALK6 | 134, 163 |
GDF-6 (BMP-13)/GDF6 | BMPRII, ActRIIA | ALK3, ALK6 | 157, 163 |
GDF-7 (BMP12)/GDF7 | BMPRII, ActRIIA | ALK3, ALK6 | 157 |
GDF-8 (Myostatin)/MSTN | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK4, ALK5, ALK7 | 5, 10, 131, 133, 164 |
GDF-9/GDF9 | BMPRII | ALK5, ALK6 | 165, 166, 167 |
GDF-9B/BMP15 | BMPRII | ALK3, ALK6 | 168, 169, 170 |
GDF-10 (BMP-3b)/GDF10 | TGFβRII, ActRIIA | ALK4, ALK5 | 171, 172 |
GDF-11 (BMP-11)/GDF11 | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK4, ALK5, ALK7 | 5, 131, 133, 173, 174 |
GDF-15c/GDF15 | No type II receptord | No type I receptord | 126, 127 |
MIS/AMH | AMHRII | ALK2, ALK3, ALK6 | 175 |
Nodal/NODAL | BMPRII, ActRIIA, ActRIIB | ALK4 | 5, 52, 176 |
Lefty1/LEFTY1 | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | No type 1 receptor | 52 |
Lefty2/LEFTY2 | ActRIIA, ActRIIB | No type 1 receptor | 52 |
N.D.: not determined
Inhibin A and inhibin B are heterodimers of the inhibin α (INHA) monomer and an inhibin β monomer, βA (INHBA) or βB (INHBB), respectively.
The activins are homodimers of inhibin β monomers, but heterodimers of the inhibin β monomers also exist.