Table 3.
Relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for IVF outcomes associated with a doubling in women’s (n=56) and men’s (n=43) individual urinary phthalate concentrations (ng/mL), adjusted for covariates
| Phthalate Metabolite | Pregnant | p-value | Live Birth | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEP | ||||
| Women | 0.83 (0.58, 1.19) | 0.32 | 0.72 (0.48, 1.09) | 0.12 |
| Men | 0.87 (0.53, 1.44) | 0.59 | 1.09 (0.54, 2.20) | 0.82 |
| MBP | ||||
| Women | 0.65 (0.44, 0.97) | 0.04 | 0.61 (0.35, 1.05) | 0.07 |
| Men | 0.77 (0.41, 1.46) | 0.42 | 0.68 (0.25, 1.85) | 0.45 |
| ΣLMW | ||||
| Women | 0.73 (0.49, 1.09) | 0.13 | 0.66 (0.44, 0.99) | 0.04 |
| Men | 0.82 (0.49, 1.37) | 0.45 | 1.00 (0.46, 2.18) | 0.99 |
| MHxP | ||||
| Women | 0.57 (0.19, 1.73) | 0.32 | 0.22 (0.05, 0.92) | 0.04 |
| Men | 0.80 (0.21, 3.08) | 0.74 | 0.48 (0.07, 3.46) | 0.46 |
| MEHP | ||||
| Women | 1.14 (0.85, 1.53) | 0.37 | 0.99 (0.60, 1.63) | 0.97 |
| Men | 0.42 (0.19, 0.92) | 0.03 | 0.52 (0.20, 1.36) | 0.18 |
| MEHHP | ||||
| Women | 1.15 (0.70, 1.90) | 0.59 | 1.15 (0.55, 2.43) | 0.71 |
| Men | 0.95 (0.61, 1.47) | 0.81 | 0.70 (0.32, 1.55) | 0.38 |
| MECPP | ||||
| Women | 0.98 (0.60, 1.60) | 0.94 | 0.96 (0.49, 1.91) | 0.92 |
| Men | 0.87 (0.56, 1.35) | 0.53 | 0.60 (0.26, 1.38) | 0.23 |
| ΣDEHP | ||||
| Women | 1.02 (0.66, 1.59) | 0.91 | 0.95 (0.48, 1.87) | 0.87 |
| Men | 0.82 (0.53, 1.29) | 0.40 | 0.54 (0.21, 1.40) | 0.20 |
| MBzP | ||||
| Women | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 0.59 | 0.93 (0.54, 1.63) | 0.81 |
| Men | 1.32 (0.73, 2.40) | 0.36 | 1.38 (0.61, 3.14) | 0.44 |
| ΣHMW | ||||
| Women | 1.00 (0.61, 1.65) | 0.99 | 0.88 (0.41, 1.90) | 0.75 |
| Men | 0.82 (0.50, 1.35) | 0.44 | 0.57 (0.22, 1.53) | 0.26 |
NOTE: Adjusted for age (years),, urinary specific gravity, history of smoking (“ever” vs. “never”) and body mass index (kg/m2) in women using individual Poisson models, and multiple imputation for participants with missing values for some covariates (n=5 women missing specific gravity, n=3 men missing specific gravity, n=4 missing BMI, n=1 man missing age). P<0.05 in bold type.
Abbreviations: DEHP, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; HMW, high molecular weight phthalates; IVF, in vitro fertilization; LMW, low molecular weight phthalates; MBP, monobutyl phthalate; MBzP, monobenzyl phthalate; MECPP, mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; MEHHP, mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEHP, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; MEP, monoethyl phthalate; MHxP, monohexyl phthalate