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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Reprod Toxicol. 2020 Nov 30;99:56–64. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.11.014

Table 4.

Relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for IVF outcomes associated with a doubling in couples’ individual or mixed urinary phthalate concentrations (ng/mL), adjusted for covariates and using multiple imputation for missing values (n=36)

Phthalate Metabolite Pregnant p-value Live Birth p-value
MEP
 Women 0.86 (0.52, 1.43) 0.56 0.65 (0.36, 1.17) 0.15
 Men 0.63 (0.28, 1.44) 0.27 0.83 (0.31, 2.27) 0.72
MBP
 Women 0.32 (0.13, 0.78) 0.01 0.16 (0.02, 1.19) 0.07
 Men 0.59 (0.29, 1.18) 0.13 0.50 (0.21, 1.20) 0.12
ΣLMW
 Women 0.75 (0.39, 1.43) 0.38 0.55 (0.27, 1.14) 0.11
 Men 0.63 (0.25, 1.57) 0.32 0.83 (0.26, 2.67) 0.76
MHxP
 Women 0.43 (0.12, 1.53) 0.19 0.08 (0.01, 0.67) 0.02
 Men 0.53 (0.13, 2.21) 0.38 0.13 (0.0, 0.92) 0.04
MEHP
 Women 0.85 (0.52, 1.40) 0.53 0.75 (0.27, 2.03) 0.57
 Men 0.28 (0.09, 0.83) 0.02 0.38 (0.10, 1.39) 0.15
MEHHP
 Women 0.81 (0.37, 1.79) 0.60 0.97 (0.32, 2.97) 0.95
 Men 0.82 (0.39, 1.73) 0.60 0.67 (0.15, 2.90) 0.59
MECPP
 Women 0.62 (0.29, 1.31) 0.21 0.75 (0.26, 2.15) 0.59
 Men 0.71 (0.41, 1.22) 0.22 0.61 (0.24, 1.54) 0.30
ΣDEHP
 Women 0.68 (0.35, 1.32) 0.26 0.68 (0.21, 2.24) 0.53
 Men 0.67 (0.40, 1.11) 0.12 0.50 (0.22, 1.14) 0.10
MBzP
 Women 0.64 (0.32, 1.27) 0.20 0.50 (0.17, 1.44) 0.20
 Men 0.97 (0.29, 3.25) 0.97 0.79 (0.18, 3.36) 0.75
ΣHMW
 Women 0.63 (0.29, 1.37) 0.24 0.56 (0.10, 3.14) 0.51
 Men 0.59 (0.32, 1.11) 0.10 0.45 (0.18, 1.12) 0.09
PCA
 Factor 1a 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) 0.11 0.76 (0.56, 1.04) 0.09
 Factor 2b 0.76 (0.53, 1.09) 0.14 0.72 (0.35, 1.49) 0.38

NOTE: Adjusted for partners’ ages (years), urinary specific gravities, histories of smoking (“ever” vs. “never”), women’s body mass index (kg/m2), and partner’s urinary phthalates using individual Poisson models, and multiple imputation for participants with missing values for some covariates (n=2 women missing specific gravity, n=3 men missing specific gravity, n=1 missing BMI, n=1 man missing age). P<0.05 in bold type.

a

Factor 1 describes men with higher urinary MBP, MHxP, MEHP, MEHHP, MECPP, and MBzP concentrations;

b

Factor 2 describes women with higher urinary MEP, MBP, MHxP, MEHP, MEHHP, MECPP, and MBzP concentrations.

Abbreviations: DEHP, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; HMW, high molecular weight phthalates; IVF, in vitro fertilization; LMW, low molecular weight phthalates; MBP, monobutyl phthalate; MBzP, monobenzyl phthalate; MECPP, mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; MEHHP, mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEHP, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; MEP, monoethyl phthalate; MHxP, monohexyl phthalate; PCA, principal component analysis