Table 3:
Comparison of CNS- and non-CNS-treated survivors on neurocognitive outcomes.
| Neurocognitive Outcomes^ | CNS-Treated (N=1597) | Non-CNS-Treated (N=1292) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Cognition | Mean (SD) | Impairment1 % (95% Cl) | Mean (SD) | Impairment1 % (95% Cl) | P2 | |
| Verbal reasoning | −0.471* (1.15) | 21.64 (19.60, 23.68) | −0.223* (1.06) | 15.04 (13.09,17.00) | <0.001 | |
| Non-Verbal reasoning | −0.116 (1.04) | 12.03 (10.45, 13.75) | 0.118* (0.91) | 7.12 (5.77,8.67) | <0.001 | |
| Academics | ||||||
| Word reading | −0.394* (0.77) | 10.11 (8.63, 11.74) | −0.234* (0.63) | 4.31 (3.17,5.44) | <0.001 | |
| Mathematics | −0.697* (1.10) | 24.02 (21.88, 26.26) | −0.445* (0.92) | 14.95 (12.95,16.95) | <0.001 | |
| Attention | ||||||
| Sustained Attention | −0.327* (1.40) | 16.70 (14.86, 18.67) | −0.052* (1.21) | 10.33 (8.70,12.14) | <0.001 | |
| Variability | −0.352* (1.25) | 17.74 (15.85,19.75) | −0.268 (1.20) | 15.51 (13.55,17.63) | 0.023 | |
| Commissions | −0.092 (1.11) | 12.97 (11.32,14.76) | 0.095* (1.04) | 10.33 (8.70,12.14) | <0.001 | |
| Focused attention | −0.252* (1.44) | 17.99 (16.12,20.00) | 0.240* (1.13) | 8.95 (7.45,10.64) | <0.001 | |
| Processing speed | ||||||
| Visual-motor processing speed | −0.417* (1.14) | 26.08 (23.91,28.34) | −0.018 (1.00) | 12.13 (10.38,14.05) | <0.001 | |
| Motor processing speed | −1.044* (1.52) | 36.40 (34.01,38.85) | −0.584* (1.31) | 23.24 (20.95,25.65) | <0.001 | |
| Memory | ||||||
| Short-term memory | −0.290* (1.03) | 12.36 (10.77,14.10) | −0.042* (0.994) | 7.38 (6.01,8.94) | <0.001 | |
| Verbal Learning | −0.192* (1.27) | 17.31 (15.46,19.28) | −0.005 (1.14) | 12.68 (10.90,14.63) | <0.001 | |
| Short-term verbal recall | −0.236* (1.27) | 18.60 (16.69,20.62) | −0.082 (1.10) | 13.23 (11.42,15.22) | <0.001 | |
| Long-term verbal recall | −0.341* (1.30) | 22.34 (20.29,24.50) | −0.201* (1.16) | 18.20 (16.11,20.43) | <0.001 | |
| Visual memory3 | −0.588* (1.22) | 31.16 (28.66,33.75) | −0.251* (1.12) | 21.60 (19.27,24.08) | <0.001 | |
| Executive function | ||||||
| Perseveration | −0.354* (1.36) | 18.53 (16.61,20.57) | −0.163* (1.20) | 14.61 (12.71, 16.69) | <0.001 | |
| Working memory | −0.318* (0.97) | 9.80 (8.37,11.38) | −0.156* (0.90) | 4.20 (3.17,5.44) | <0.001 | |
| Cognitive flexibility | −0.793* (1.71) | 30.87 (28.58,33.23) | −0.262* (1.48) | 20.34 (18.17,22.65) | <0.001 | |
| Verbal fluency | −0.418* (1.16) | 27.23 (25.03,29.51) | −0.166* (1.10) | 17.77 (15.72,19.96) | <0.001 | |
CNS: central nervous system.
^
Higher scores for these measures are indicative of better functioning,
*
indicates mean is statistically significantly (P<0.05) different from population mean of 0 (SD=1).
1
Impairment defined as having a Z-score below the 10th percentile compared to national norms,
2
linear regression models to compare neurocognitive performance in survivors treated with and without direct CNS-targeted therapies adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, and race, corrected for the false discovery rate,
3
15% of participants missing this test due to late addition to study protocol.