Table 2. Comparison of the outcomes each group at pre and post intervention.
| All participants (n=20) | HAL group (n=9) | Conventional group (n=11) | |||||||
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | change | Pre | Post | change | p value# | |
| FAC | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 1.0* | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.8* | 1.1 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 1.0* | 0.7 | 0.20 |
| MWS (m/min) | 27.9 ± 27.8 | 40.0 ± 29.0* | 33.9 ± 26.2 | 45.5 ± 29.3 | 11.6 | 22.5 ± 29.4 | 35.0 ± 29.4* | 12.4 | 1.00 |
| Step length (m) | 0.33 ± 0.17 | 0.37 ± 0.16 | 0.37 ± 0.16 | 0.41 ± 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.29 ± 0.18 | 0.34 ± 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.50 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 78.0 ± 35.9 | 98.4 ± 34.3* | 81.5 ± 36.3 | 98.0 ± 43.9 | 16.5 | 75.1 ± 37.1 | 98.7 ± 26.3* | 23.5 | 0.65 |
| 6MWD (m) | 107.7 ± 109.7 | 168.5 ± 126.5* | 122.6 ± 104.1 | 192.8 ± 125.3* | 70.2 | 94.3 ± 118.4 | 146.6 ± 130.2* | 52.2 | 0.54 |
| FMA-LE | 21.7 ± 4.2 | 23.2 ± 4.0 | 21.1 ± 4.6 | 22.6 ± 4.2 | 1.5 | 22.2 ± 4.0 | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 1.4 | 0.76 |
| SPPB total | 5.3 ± 3.5 | 7.2 ± 3.7* | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 2.8* | 1.5 | 4.0 ± 4.0 | 6.1 ± 4.2* | 2.1 | 0.65 |
| SPPB balance | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.5* | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 1.7* | 1.0 | 0.20 |
| SPPB gait | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 1.2* | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.88 |
| SPPB sit-to stand | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.7* | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.60 |
| TUG | 40.9 ± 23.8 | 30.6 ± 34.4* | 33.9 ± 22.4 | 32.9 ± 49.0 | −0.91 | 46.6 ± 24.4 | 28.6 ± 17.9* | −17.9 | 0.33 |
FAC: Functional Ambulation Category; MWS: Maximal Walking Speed; 6MWD: 6-minute walking distance; FMA-LE: Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the lower extremity; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; TUG: Timed Up-and-Go test. Values are Mean ± SD. #Differences of between HAL and Conventional group, *p<0.05. One patient in the conventional group did not undergo MWS and 6MWD after therapeutic intervention.