Table 2.
LITT for high grade glioma
| Study | Tumor grade (Number of patients) | Patientdemographics (M/F, age range) | Inoperable due to tumor location? (yes/no) | De novo or follow on LITT | Intraoperative MRI guidance (yes/no) | Adjuvant postoperative therapy? (yes/no) | Clinical results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sakai [43] |
III–IV (3) |
Not specified, 37–56 | Yes | De novo | No | No | 1 pt died at 23 months due to recurrence, 2 pts’s tumor disappeared at 12 to 34 months follow ups |
| Kahn [30] | III–IV (3) | 1M/2F, 51–68 | Unclear | Follow on | Yes | No | 1 pt died of heart failure; in grade III pt no sign of recurrence at 9 months, in grade III-IV tumor recurred at 2 months |
| Schwabe [32] | III–IV (3) | 2M/1F, 48–63 | Unclear | De novo | No | No | Total lesion size decreased by 50% within 90 days in all patients. Increase in radiologic perifocal edema (maximum extent at 4–27 days); subsided after mean of 23 days |
| Reimer [44] | III–IV (4) | 2M/2F, 36–62 | Yes | Follow on | Yes | No | Pt. 1 with no sign of tumor recurrence at 6 months; pts 2 and 3 had tumor recurrence at 6–8 months, pt 4 had no recurrence at 12 months |
| Sneed [45] | IV (35) | Not specifiedd, 24–73 | Unclear | 35 follow-on treatments with LITT post surgery and brachytherapy | Yes | 25 of 35 underwent reoperation | Time to progression of glioblastoma: 49 weeks with LITT. Survival longer with LITT: 80 weeks versus 76 weeks without LITT (log rank; p = 0.04) |
| Leonardi [21] | III–IV (17) | Not specified, mean age 55 | Unclear | Follow on | Yes | No | GRADE III Pts after LITT: MST 30 m, MPT 10 m, grade IV pts after LITT: MST 9 m, MPT 4 m |
| Von Tempelhoff [33] | IV (2) | 2M, 59–68 | 1st yes, 2nd no | Follow on treatment in patients refractory to other therapies | Yes | Yes (oral chemotherapy –temozolomide | Good to complete tumor control 7 to 13 months post LITT |
| Schwarzmaier [22] | rec IV (16) |
10M/6F 44–69 |
Yes | Follow on treatment in nonsurgical candidates | Yes | Yes | MST: 11.2 ± 2 mths LOS shorter with LITT than with open resection. Survival time using LITT longer than SOC/palliative care (< 5 months.) |
| Carpentier [27] | Rec IV, (4) | 3M/1F, 40–58 | Yes | Follow on (prior resection/ chemo/ radiation | Yes | No | MOS after LITT: 10.5 months. OS after LITT: 11 months |
| Jethwa [86] | III–IV (7) | Not specified, 9–84 | Yes (3 patients) | Follow on | Yes | No | 1 patient had post-operative edema requiring surgery |
| Sloan [24] | IV (10) |
8M/2F, 34–69 |
Yes (8 Patients) | Follow on; patient refractory to other treatments | Yes | No | Median ST of 316 days |
| Hawasli [25] | IV, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (11) | 8M/3F, 34–78 | 6 Patients with deep lesions, 1 with Corpus Callosum tumor | 6 De novo; 3 with prior craniotomy, radiation therapy and chemo; 1 with radiation and chemo only | Yes | Yes | Preliminary overall median progression-free survival and survivalfrom LITT were 7.6 and 10.9 months, respectively |
| Patel [89] | III–IV (3) | Not specified, 10–82 | Unclear | Follow on | Yes | No | No peri-procedural morbidity or mortality |
| Mohammadi [9] |
III (10) IV (24) |
21M/13F, 19–79 | Yes (8 deep lesions, 1 with corpus callosum tumor) | 49% de novo, 51% follow on | Yes | Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation in 14 patients (42%) | Median progression-free survival 5.1 months |
| Pisipati [40] | IV (5) | Not specified | Yes | De novo | Yes | Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation in 3 patients | Resection following LITT did not increase the length of hospital stay except in one patient. No new neurologic deficits identified |
| Thomas [41] | IV (24) | Not specified, mean age 52.4 | Yes | Follow on | Yes | Adjuvant chemotherapy in 16 patients, 7 of which also received radiation therapy (newly diagnosed GBM) | Median overall survival 8 months in newly diagnosed GBM, > 7 months in recurrent GBM |
| Patel [34] | IV (24) | Not specified | Unclear | Follow on | Yes | No | 13.7% of patients had a post-op neurologic deficit; 64.3% of these had complete resolution of deficit at 1 month follow up |
| Laurent [42] | III–IV (9) | 5M/4F, 49–80 | Unclear | Follow on | Yes | 1 patient | No major complications. 30 day re-admission rate and mortality of 0 |
| Rennert [5] | III–IV (38) | Not specified, mean age: 50.7 | Yes (46% of lesions treated) | De novo | Yes | N/A | No perioperative morbidity |
| Total | III–IV (252) | Age range: 9–84 |