Table 1.
Physical and metabolic characteristics of obese youth with NGT, IGT and Type 2 diabetes.
| Ob-NGT (1) | Ob-IGT (2) | Ob-T2D (3) | P | P post hoc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=73 | n=48 | n=31 | ANOVA | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | |
| Age (yrs) | 15 ± 0.2 | 14.7 ± 0.3 | 15.0 ± 0.3 | NS | - | - | - |
| Race (% AA/AW) | 40/60 | 29/71 | 48/52 | NS | - | - | - |
| Sex (% M/F) | 45/55 | 31/69 | 45/55 | NS | - | - | - |
| Tanner stage (% II/III/IV/V) | 2/14/14/70 | 4/8/17/71 | 6/3/26/65 | NS | - | - | - |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.6 ± 0.7 | 37.1 ± 1.0 | 36.6 ± 1.0 | NS | - | - | - |
| BMI% | 98.0 ± 0.3 | 98.7 ± 0.2 | 99.0 ± 0.1 | 0.009 | 0.052 | 0.022 | NS |
| FM (kg) | 42.2 ± 1.4 | 44.1 ± 1.8 | 41.2 ± 1.9 | NS | - | - | - |
| % body fat | 43.4 ± 0.7 | 44.5 ± 0.7 | 42.6 ± 1.2 | NS | - | - | - |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.31 ± 0.05 | 5.33 ± 0.06 | 6.57 ± 0.15 | <0.0001 | NS | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 87.5 ± 0.9 | 93.1 ± 1.1 | 115.3 ± 4.9 | <0.0001 | 0.022 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 32.9 ± 2.1 | 44.0 ± 3.6 | 62.5 ± 10.1 | 0.001 | 0.055 | <0.0001 | 0.038 |
| 2-hr glucose (mg/dL) | 112.2 ± 1.8 | 157.9 ± 2.6 | 205.8 ± 9.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 2-hr insulin (μU/mL) | 169.5 ± 17.7 | 363.5 ± 30.5 | 200.2 ± 31.0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | NS | <0.0001 |
| Insulin-AUC (μU·mL−1·h−1) | 21597.1 ± 1734.5 | 31516.6 ± 2305.4 | 20510.1 ± 3650.0 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | NS | <0.0001 |
| Hepatic IS (mg/kg/min per μU/mL)−1 | 17.7 ± 1.1 | 11.8 ± 0.9 | 12.5 ± 2.1 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | NS |
| Peripheral IS (mg/kg/min per μU/mL) | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 | 0.009 | <0.0001 | NS |
| 1st-phase insulin (μU/mL) | 270.7 ± 25.5 | 230.1 ± 18.8 | 124.5 ± 27.4 | <0.0001 | NS | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Data are mean ± SEM. Ob: obese; NGT: normal glucose tolerance; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; T2D: type 2 diabetes; AA: African-American; AW: American-White; BMI: body mass index; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat free mass; AUC: area under the curve; IS: insulin sensitivity.