. 2020 May 11;27(3):380–390. doi: 10.1177/1352458520918978

Table 2.

Group differences in cortical neuroaxonal measures, myelin density, and microglia density.

	MS (N = 54)		Controls (N = 56)	Group differences	MS cortical NAGM vs control cortical GM		MS demyelinated cortex vs control cortical GM		MS cortical NAGM vs MS demyelinated cortex
	Cortical NAGM	Demyelinated cortex	Cortical GM	F, p	Estimated mean difference (95% CI)	p	Estimated mean difference (95% CI)	p	Estimated mean difference (95% CI)	p
	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	F, p	Estimated mean difference (95% CI)	p	Estimated mean difference (95% CI)	p	Estimated mean difference (95% CI)	p
Axonal density (axons/mm)	148.83 (4.07)	135.47 (5.25)	164.20 (4.22)	7.92, 0.001	−15.37 (–27.99 to 2.75)	0.02	−28.72 (–43.17 to 14.28)	<0.001	13.35 (2.07 to 24.63)	0.02
Neuronal density (neurons/mm²)	3.49 × 10⁴ (0.21 × 10⁴)	30472.39 (2428.09)	31475.46 (2321.15)	0.89, 0.42	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level
Neuronal volume (µm³)	2740.46 (130.69)	2802.89 (176.77)	2814.21 (128.98)	0.08, 0.92	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level
Myelin density (%)	61.41 (2.30)	42.99 (2.89)	62.97 (2.39)	20.57, <0.001	−1.56 (–8.71 to 5.60)	0.66	−19.98 (–28.05 to 11.91)	<0.001	18.42 (12.45 to 24.40)	<0.001
Microglia density (%)	4.54 (0.49)	4.78 (0.54)	4.01 (0.58)	0.64, 0.53	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level	n.s. at group level

n.s.: not significant; N: number of tissue blocks; MS: multiple sclerosis; NAGM: normal-appearing gray matter; GM: gray matter; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.

In this table, the mean and standard error of histological variables are displayed for controls and MS patients. Only variables that significantly differed at group level were further explored post hoc. Statistically significant comparisons are underlined.