Table 4.

Associations between WM tract integrity measures or cortical pathology measures and cortical axonal loss.

	MS				Controls
	stβ	p	95% CI	% of explained variance	stβ	p	95% CI
FANAWM × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.01	0.95	−0.47 to 0.44		0.05	0.80	−0.33 to 0.42
ADNAWM × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.72	0.04	−1.39 to 0.05	12.6	0.07	0.68	−0.27 to 0.40
RDNAWM × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.55	0.06	−1.12 to 0.02		0.14	0.48	−0.25 to 0.52
MDNAWM × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.63	0.049	−1.26 to 0.005	7.1	0.12	0.51	−0.25 to 0.49
FAWML × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.16	0.53	−0.68 to 0.36
ADWML × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.78	0.003	−1.25 to 0.31	22.6
RDWML × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.43	0.09	−0.92 to 0.07
MDWML × axonal density in cortical NAGM	−0.58	0.02	−1.04 to 0.11	4.6
Cortical demyelination × axonal loss in lesioned cortex	0.61	0.002	0.23 to 0.98	34.4
Microglia density × axonal density in cortical NAGM	0.08	0.78	−0.50 to 0.65
Microglia density × axonal density in lesioned cortex	−0.25	0.39	−0.83 to 0.34

MS: multiple sclerosis; NAWM: normal-appearing white matter; WML: white matter lesions; NAGM: normal-appearing gray matter; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval; FA: fractional anisotropy; AD: axial diffusivity; RD: radial diffusivity; MD: mean diffusivity; stβ: standardized beta. Statistically significant comparisons are underlined.