Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | Mean (SD)/% |
Mean (SD)/% |
Skewness | Kurtosis | Mean (SD)/% |
Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total group | Depressive group | Non-depressive group | |||||
| Age | 50 (16.55) | 48.32 (11.48) | 50.60 (16.96) | ||||
| Gender (female) | 68% | 81.7% | 66.6% | ||||
| Educational year | 15.16 (2.39) | 15.03 (2.16) | 14.46 (2.46) | ||||
| Marital status (married/cohabited) | 78.9% | 78.7% | 78.9% | ||||
| Perceived stress (PSS) | 15.64 (7.93) | 25.06 (5.57) | -0.60 | 0.06 | 14.70 (7.51) | -0.12 | 0.37 |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | 3.43 (4.24) | 13.70 (4.23) | 0.90 | -0.21 | 2.41(2.54) | 1.47 | 1.57 |
| Positive resources (POREST_total) | 87.01(12.77) | 73.15 (13.35) | -0.19 | -0.18 | 88.40 (11.85) | -0.37 | 1.12 |
| Optimism | 27.02 (4.43) | 21.77 (4.81) | -0.29 | -0.03 | 27.54 (4.03) | -0.52 | 0.37 |
| Purpose & hope | 22.41 (4.21) | 18.63 (4.59) | -0.26 | -0.11 | 22.78 (3.98) | -0.16 | 0.01 |
| Self-control | 18.70 (3.31) | 15.79 (3.54) | -0.20 | -0.27 | 18.99 (3.14) | -0.15 | 0.08 |
| Social support | 11.40 (2.24) | 9.71 (2.61) | -0.41 | 0.05 | 11.57 (2.12) | -0.29 | -0.26 |
| Care | 7.49 (1.53) | 7.25 (1.76) | -0.13 | -0.23 | 7.51 (1.50) | -0.31 | -0.21 |
PSS: Perceived Stress Scale, PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, POREST: Posive Resource Test