Table 2.
Summary of study characteristics
| Study | Study location | Study period | Indication for ICU admission | N (ICU) | Prophylactic anticoagulation agent | Patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation on ICU admission (%) | Patients receiving prophylactic anticoagulation on ICU admission (%) | Patients receiving at least anticoagulation on ICU admission (%) | Imaging Modality for PTE diagnosis | Indication for PTE imaging | Incidence of PTE (%) | Follow-up (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beun et al. [12] | Netherlands | 16 March–9 April | NR | 75 | NR | NR | NR | NR | CT scan | NR | 26.7 | NR |
| Desborough et al. [13] | UK | 1 March–31 March | NR | 66 | Dalteparin | 16.7 | 83.3 | 100 | CT scan | NR | 7.6 | 28 |
| Fraissé et al. [14] | France | 6 March–22 April | Respiratory failure | 92 | NR | 53.3 | 46.7 | 100 | CT scan | Clinical suspicion | 20.7 | NR |
| Grandmaison et al. [15] | Switzerland | NR | NR | 29 | Enoxaparin, UFH | 3.4 | 89.7 | 93.1 | CT scan | Clinical suspicion | 6.9 | NR |
| Helms et al. [16] | France | 3 March–31 March | Acute respiratory distress syndrome based on Berlin definition | 150 | LMWH, UFH | 30 | 70 | 100 | CT scan | Worsening PaO2/FiO2 ratio, haemodynamic instability, dilated right ventricle, rapid increase in D-dimer | 16.7 | ≥ 7 |
| Hippensteel et al. [17] | USA | 18 March–14 April | NR | 91 | NR | NR | NR | NR | CT scan | NR | 5.5 | NR |
| Klok et al. [18] | Netherlands | 7 March–5 April | NR | 184 | Nadroparin | 9.2 | 90.8 | 100 | CT scan | NR | 13.6 | 7 (1–13) |
| Llitjos et al. [19] | France | 19 March–11 April | Respiratory failure | 26 | LMWH, UFH | 69.2 | 30.8 | 100 | CT scan | Persistent respiratory failure | 23.1 | NR |
| Lodigiani et al. [20] | Italy | 13 February–10 April | NR | 61 | LMWH | 3.3 | 96.7 | 100 | CT scan | Worsening PaO2/FiO2 ratio, rapid increase in D-dimer | 3.3 | NR |
| Maatman et al. [21] | USA | 12 March–31 March | SpO2 ≤ 94%, RR ≥ 30, PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300 mmHg, or requiring mechanical ventilation | 109 | Enoxaparin, UFH | 6.4 | 93.6 | 100 | CT scan | NR | 4.6 | NR |
| Middeldorp et al. [22] | Netherlands | 2 March–12 April | NR | 75 | Nadroparin | 9.3 | 90.7 | 100 | CT scan | Worsening hypoxaemia | 14.7 | 15 (9–20) |
| Poissy et al. [23] | France | 27 February–31 March | NR | 107 | LMWH, UFH | NR | NR | NR | CT scan | Acute deterioration of haemodynamic and respiratory status | 20.6 | NR |
| Tavazzi et al. [24] | Italy | NR | NR | 54 | LMWH | 0 | 100 | 100 | CT scan | NR | 3.7 | NR |
| Thomas et al. [25] | UK | 15 March–14 April | NR | 63 | Dalteparin | 0 | 100 | 100 | CT scan | Unexplained hypotension or hypoxia disproportionate to pneumonia | 7.9 | 8 (1–28) |
ICU intensive care unit, BMI body-mass index, PTE pulmonary thromboembolism, CT computed tomographic, NR not reported, LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin, UFH unfractionated heparin, RR respiratory rate