Table 1. General clinical characteristics in DN patients and healthy participants.
| NC (n=30) | DN (n=30) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 10 (33.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 0.191 |
| Female | 20 (66.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | |
| Age (year) | 52.53 ± 5.17 | 55.07 ± 4.14 | 0.133 |
| BMI (kg.m−2) | 23.93 ± 1.11 | 24.43 ± 0.86 | 0.389 |
| Course of disease | / | 3.51 ±1.54 | 0.113 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 4.83 ± 0.69 | 10.88 ± 1.55 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.24 ± 0.35 | 10.25 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
| FINS (mU/l) | 8.63 ± 1.29 | 23.20 ± 5.90 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.10 ± 0.36 | 15.35 ± 3.50 | <0.001 |
| Cr (µmol/l) | 53.90 ± 4.57 | 85.00 ± 18.18 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 0.78 ± 0.24 | 4.94 ± 0.89 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 2.79 ± 0.44 | 6.44 ± 1.63 | <0.001 |
| HLD-C (mmol/l) | 1.10 ± 0.13 | 1.15 ± 0.19 | 0.264 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.88 ± 0.12 | 2.63 ± 0.65 | 0.115 |
| BUN (mmol/l) | 4.87 ± 1.35 | 12.90 ± 1.20 | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 7.18 ± 4.12 | 36.29 ±3.64 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 130.13 ± 12.62 | 70.53 ± 10.18 | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: ACR, creatinine ratio; BMI, body-mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated GFR; FINS fasting insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.