TABLE 1.
Patient demographics and disease characteristics at diagnosis
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 113) | Patients with normal FISH (n = 27) | Patients with abnormal FISH (n = 86) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age at diagnosis (range), years | 62 (33–84) | 60 (36–84) | 63 (37–84) |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 47 (41.6) | 10 (37) | 37 (43.0) |
| Received ASCT, n (%) | 45 (39.8) | 15 (55.6) | 30 (34.9) |
| Light chain restriction (kappa) | 27 (23.9) | 6 (22.2) | 21 (24.4) |
| Light chain restriction (lambda) | 85 (75.2) | 20 (74.1) | 65 (75.6) |
| dFLC mg/dl a | 35.3 (5435–7000) | 20.4 (1246–345) | 51.4 (5435–7000) |
| BM PC b | |||
| <10% | 52 (46.0) | 17 (63.0) | 35 (40.7) |
| ≥10% | 61 (54.0) | 10 (37.0) | 51 (59.3) |
| AL + MGUS | 52 (42.3) | 17 (63.0) | 35 (40.7) |
| AL + SMM | 36 (29.3) | 9 (33.3) | 27 (31.4) |
| AL + MM b | 25 (20.3) | 1 (3.7) | 24 (27.9) |
| Urine total protein, mg/24 h | 1755 (0–81921) | 7172 (0–81921) | 1706 (0–22500) |
| No. of involved organs, median (range) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (1–5) |
| Cardiac involvement present, n (%) | 58 (51.3) | 11 (40.7) | 47 (54.7) |
| Renal involvement present, n (%) | 75 (66.4) | 16 (59.3) | 59 (68.6) |
| NT‐proBNP ≥332 ng/L, n (%) b | 49 (80.3) | 8 (66.7) | 41 (83.7) |
| NT‐proBNP ≥1800 ng/L, n (%) | 33 (54.1) | 6 (50.0) | 27 (55.1) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, median (range) | 76 (28–472) | 83 (28–275) | 76 (40–472) |
| Mayo stage (2012), n(%) c | |||
| I | 19 (31.7) | 4 (33.3) | 15 (31.3) |
| II | 16 (26.7) | 5 (41.7) | 11 (22.9) |
| III | 13 (21.7) | 2 (16.7) | 11 (22.9) |
| IV | 12 (20.0) | 1 (8.3) | 11 (22.9) |
| Missing | 53 | 15 | 38 |
| BMC stage (2019), n(%) b , d | |||
| I | 30 (26.5) | 13 (48.1) | 17 (19.8) |
| II | 44 (38.9) | 9 (33.3) | 35 (40.7) |
| III | 39 (34.5) | 5 (18.5) | 34 (39.5) |
| Total number of lines of therapy received, average (range) | 1.86 (1–8) | 1.83 (1–7) | 1.89 (1–8) |
| Best hematological response achieved, n(%) | |||
| CR/VGPR rate | 60 (53) | 15 (56) | 45 (52) |
| SD rate | 37 (33) | 7 (26) | 30 (35) |
ASCT, autologous stem cell transplant; BM, bone marrow; PC, plasma cells; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; dFLC, difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains; MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; SMM, smoldering multiple myeloma; MM, multiple myeloma.
Kappa nl 3.3–19.4 mg/L, Lambda nl 5.71–26.3 mg/L.
p < 0.05.
Stage I: none the following are elevated: troponin T ⩾ 0.025 ng/ml and NT‐ProBNP ⩾ 1800 pg/ml and serum immunoglobulin free light chain difference ⩾ 18 mg/dl; if any one parameter is high, then, Stage II; if two parameters are high, then, Stage III; and if all three are elevated, then, Stage IV;
Stage I neither troponin I ≥ 0.10 or BNP ≥ 81 pg/ml; if one elevated, then, Stage II; and if both are elevated, then, Stage III.