Figure 1.

LPS induces transcriptional changes in human and mouse macrophages. Global gene expression was assessed on Illumina microarrays in human THP-1 and mouse RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS (1 ng ml⁻¹) in normocapnia (5% CO₂, PCO₂ 44 mmHg) for 0.5, 1.5 or 3 h. Transcripts downregulated and upregulated by greater than or equal to 1.35-fold at 0.5, 1.5 or 3 h after LPS treatment (a). Bars represent the top GO biological processes of downregulated (blue) and upregulated (red) genes induced by LPS after 3 h in THP-1 cells (b). Venn diagrams of human and mouse common genes changed by LPS at 0.5, 1.5 or 3 h (c). Heat map of common genes changed by LPS over time in human macrophages (d). Networks of GO biological processes upregulated (e) and downregulated (f) by LPS after 3 h of treatment.