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Natural EPEC infections: Hosts, manifestations, and virulence determinants.*, This column includes selected virulence determinants investigated in the cited references such as E. coli attaching and effacing (eae or eaeA) gene, bundle-forming pilus (bfp or bfpA) gene, and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene. Typical E. coli usually encodes the bfpA gene whereas atypical does not. EAF refers to EPEC adherence factor plasmid. †, not characterized as typical or atypical.
