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. 2021 Feb 17;10:27–45. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S261416

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of mast cell activation in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Type I autoimmunity is characterized by diverse antigens such as thyroperoxidase (TPO) crosslinking IgE autoantibodies. Type IIb autoimmunity is based on IgG autoantibodies against IgE or FcԑRI. Both autoimmune mechanisms lead to a degranulation of mast cells.