Table 1.
Demographic and selected clinical laboratory predictor variables on admission for evaluation cohort
| Variable | Survivors (n=278) | Non-survivors (n=113) | P value | ||
| Frequency (n (%)) | % missing | Frequency (n (%)) | % missing | ||
| Gender | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Male | 141 (50.7) | – | 64 (56.6) | – | 0.316† |
| Female | 137 (49.3) | – | 49 (44.4) | – | |
| WIMD* | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0.228† | ||
| Quartile 1 (<246) | 65 (23.4) | – | 29 (25.6) | – | |
| Quartile 2 (246 – 871) | 61 (21.9) | – | 35 (31.0) | – | |
| Quartile 3 (872–1672) | 73 (26.3) | – | 23 (20.4) | – | |
| Quartile 4 (>1672) | 72 (25.9) | – | 25 (22.1) | – | |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
| Age, years | 63.5 (51.3–77.8) | 0.0 | 81.0 (71.0–88.0) | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| ’Core’ test component | Median (IQR) | ||||
| Albumin, g/L | 33.0 (29.0–36.0) | 3.2 | 29.0 (26.0–32.0) | 1.8 | <0.0001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase U/L | 80.0 (63.0–111.5) | 0.0 | 100.0 (76.0–133.5) | 0.0 | 0.0006 |
| Alanine transaminase U/L | 27.0 (17.0–46.0) | 0.0 | 23.0 (14.0–32.0) | 0.0 | 0.256 |
| Bilirubin μmol/L | 10.0 (7.0–15.0) | 0.0 | 12.0 (8.0–17.0) | 0.0 | 0.0018 |
| C reactive protein, mg/L | 70.5 (21.0–131.8) | 0.0 | 98.0 (55.75–164. 8) | 2.6 | 0.005 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 82.0 (66.0–105.0) | 0.4 | 111.0 (79.0–192.0) | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) mL/min/1.73 m2 |
75.0 (55.0–89.0) | 0.0 | 51.0 (25.0–74.0) | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| Globulin g/L | 38.0 (34.0–42.0) | 0.1 | 40.0 (36.0–45.75) | 0.1 | 0.0161 |
| Haemoglobin g/L | 135.0 (122.0–149.0) | 0.0 | 135.0 (122.0–149.0) | 0.0 | 0.036 |
| Lymphocyte count ×109/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.0 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.0 | 0.961 |
| Neutrophil count ×109/L | 5.4 (3.7–8.0) | 0.0 | 7.3 (4.6–9.8) | 0.0 | 0.017 |
| Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio | 5.25 (3.3–9.8) | 0.4 | 8.11 (4.3–14.5) | 0.9 | 0.011 |
| Platelet count ×109/L | 234.0 (183.8–294.5) | 0.0 | 216.0 (160.0–285.0) | 0.0 | 0.210 |
| Potassium mmol/L | 3.9 (3.6–4.3) | 0.0 | 4.1 (3.7–4.6) | 0.0 | 0.0006 |
| Protein g/L | 71.0 (67.0–76.0) | 0.1 | 70.0 (65.0–74.0) | 0.1 | 0.04 |
| Sodium mmol/L | 137.0 (134.0–139.0) | 0.0 | 138.0 (134.0–141.0) | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| Urea mmol/L | 5.7 (4.0–8.5) | 0.4 | 10.2 (7.2–16.2) | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| White cell count ×109/L | 7.35 (5.3–9.9) | 0.0 | 9.0 (6.4–12.3) | 0.0 | 0.016 |
| ’Extended’ test component | |||||
| Ferritin μg/L | 325.0 (125.0–828.0) | 57.9 | 482.0 (245.5–993.5) | 54.9 | 0.395 |
| High-sensitivity D-dimer μg/L | 926.5 (587.75–1750.0) | 28.1 | 1497.0 (929.0–3885.0) | 30.1 | 0.0003 |
| High-sensitivity troponin I ng/L | 7.0 (3.0–23.0) | 24.8 | 35.5 (15.75–117.0) | 22.1 | <0.0001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase U/L | 349.5 (270.3–549.8) | 53.2 | 383.5 (290.5–501.3) | 54.0 | 0.999 |
| Procalcitonin μg/L | 0.14 (0.1–0.4) | 41.4 | 0.31 (0.1–0.9) | 38.9 | 0.019 |
Variables captured in the summarised cohort of community-acquired PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted through the Emergency Department between 17 March 2020 and 30 June 2020. Summary statistics are given as the median and range for continuous variables and absolute counts for discrete variables. *Welsh index of multiple deprivation, WIMD, is ranked from 1 (most deprived) to 1909 (least deprived) and presented as frequencies within each quartile. †Fischer’s exact test.