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. 2021 Feb 17;14:413–428. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S297081

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© 2021 Luo et al.

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Modeling and validation of LPS-treated acute lung injury (ALI). The morphological changes of LPS-treated rat NR8383 alveolar macrophage (AM)(200×) Control (A), LPS 2 h (B), LPS 9 h (C); LPS-induced AM modeling for ALI was validated by measuring the inflammatory cytokine expression levels of TNF-α (D), IL-1β (E), IL-18 (F), and IL-6 (G) by ELISA. Each value represents the mean ± SD of three separate sets of experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

Abbreviations: ALI, acute lung injury; ELISA, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; IL‐1β, interleukin (IL)‐1β; IL‐6, interleukin (IL)‐6; IL-18, interleukin (IL)-18; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; NS, no statistically significant difference.