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. 2021 Feb 3;13(6):7188–7199. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c20539

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© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.

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APT analysis of GBs in the CIGSe (SLG) and both ACIGSe samples. 1D concentration profiles are shown below the respective reconstructions. The uppermost reconstructions show overlaid Se (blue), K (black), and Na (green) atoms, with individual reconstructions for alkalis shown separately below. (a) CIGSe grown on SLG (reference) showing four GBs in the absorber and a Na-decorated dislocation. Some GBs appear thicker because the GB planes are not parallel to the viewing direction. The 1D profile is measured across the GB highlighted by dotted arrows. (b) ACIGSe grown on SLG and (c) ACIGSe grown on HSG, both showing one GB per reconstruction.