Table 3.
COVID-19 vaccine candidates in late stage of preclinical studies
| Platform | Candidate | Description | Company | Clinical trial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA vaccine | saRNA | Self-amplifying RNA vaccine | Imperial College London | Start Phase I in summer 2020 |
| DNA vaccine | bacTRL-Spike | Bifidobacteria monovalent SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine | Symvivo | Pre-clinical |
| LineaRx | Linear DNA vaccine, using LineaRx’s PCR-based production platform for the prevention of COVID-19 | Takis Biotech | Animal results released in May 2020; Phase I to start in fall 2020 | |
| Sanofi’s | Vaccine based on Sanofi’s recombinant DNA platform which expressed the proteins that present on the surface of the virus. | Sanofi Pasteur vaccines global business unit. | Pre-clinical | |
| Non-replicating viral vector | AdCOVID | Intranasal vaccine/containing nonreplicating viral vector called adenovirus-based NasoVAX expressing spike protein | Altimmune | Phase I trial to begin Q3 2020 |
| Subunit Vaccine | PittCoVacc | Pittsburgh Coronavirus vaccine is a microneedle arrays S1 subunit | University of Pittsburgh | Phase I to start as early as June 2020 |
| NVX-CoV2373 | Full-length recombinant SARS COV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M | Novavax | Start Phase I/II May 2020 | |
| Ii-Key peptide | Vaccine based on Generex’s Ii-Key immune system activation technology platform | Generex Biotechnology | Pre-clinical | |
| Oral recombinant COVID-19 vaccine | Consisting of pathogen-specific protein antigen as one payload and TLR-3 agonist adjuvant as second payload using replication-incompetent adenovirus type 5 vector. | Vaxart | Phase I trial to begin in the second half of 2020 | |
| IBio vaccine | Using Ibio’s FastPharming (plant produced) system to provide SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine | Particle Ibio Inc. and Beijing CC-Pharming | Pre-clinical | |
| Live-attenuated | TNX-1800 | Live modified horsepox virus vaccine for percutaneous administration to the prevention of COVID-19 | Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp and Southern Research | Pre-clinical |
| Inactivated coronavirus | Dynavax | Inactivated coronavirus vaccine with CpG 1018 ™ adjuvant. | Dynavax and Sinovac | Start Phase I in July 2020 |