Table 3.
The associations of SBP trajectories with adverse fetal outcomes
| Fetal outcomes | Low-stable | Low delayed-increasing | Low reverse-increasing | Medium reverse-increasing | Medium-stable | High-stable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 3893) | (n = 1521) | (n = 4454) | (n = 3352) | (n = 4404) | (n = 2729) | |
| Pre-term delivery (< 37) (n, %) | 61 (4.01%) | 216 (4.85%) | 187 (5.58%) | 150 (3.85%) | 234 (5.31%) | 185 (6.78%) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) | 1.47 (1.18–1.84) | 1.40 (1.14–1.73) | 1.82 (1.46–2.26) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 1.28 (1.03–1.60) | 1.37 (1.08–1.72) | 1.36 (1.09–1.70) | 1.63 (1.28–2.07) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.94 (0.68–1.31) | 1.15 (0.91–1.47) | 1.29 (0.97–1.71) | 1.32 (1.03–1.68) | 1.52 (1.12–2.07) |
| Model 4 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.68–1.32) | 1.15 (0.91–1.47) | 1.29 (0.98–1.72) | 1.31 (1.03–1.67) | 1.53 (1.12–2.08) |
| Early-term delivery (37–38) (n, %) | 531 (34.91%) | 1691 (37.97%) | 1287 (38.39%) | 1253 (32.19%) | 1597 (36.26%) | 1061 (38.88%) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) | 1.29 (1.18–1.41) | 1.31 (1.19–1.45) | 1.20 (1.09–1.31) | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (1.00–1.30) | 1.35 (1.23–1.49) | 1.37 (1.23–1.52) | 1.22 (1.10–1.34) | 1.39 (1.24–1.56) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 1.26 (1.13–1.40) | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | 1.18 (1.06–1.31) | 1.26 (1.10–1.46) |
| Model 4 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.12 (0.97–1.28) | 1.25 (1.12–1.39) | 1.27 (1.12–1.44) | 1.17 (1.05–1.30) | 1.30 (1.13–1.50) |
| Small for gestational age (n, %) | 170 (11.18%) | 436 (9.79%) | 367 (10.95%) | 351 (9.02%) | 379 (8.61%) | 283 (10.37%) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.27 (1.05–1.54) | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.93–1.41) | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 1.31 (1.11–1.55) | 1.09 (0.93–1.29) | 1.52 (1.27–1.82) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.15 (0.93–1.42) | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 1.04 (0.87–1.23) | 1.34 (1.08–1.68) |
| Model 4 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.93–1.41) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 1.17 (0.96–1.43) | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 1.32 (1.06–1.65) |
| Low birth weight (n, %) | 22 (1.45%) | 119 (2.67%) | 84 (2.51%) | 85 (2.18%) | 101 (2.29%) | 93 (3.41%) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.66 (0.41–1.06) | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) | 1.15 (0.85–1.56) | 1.05 (0.79–1.41) | 1.58 (1.17–2.13) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.63 (0.38–1.03) | 1.26 (0.94–1.69) | 1.16 (0.84–1.60) | 1.13 (0.83–1.54) | 1.68 (1.21–2.33) |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.57 (0.34–0.94) | 1.16 (0.84–1.59) | 1.11 (0.76–1.64) | 1.09 (0.78–1.52) | 1.62 (1.07–2.45) |
| Model 4 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.57 (0.34–0.94) | 1.16 (0.84–1.59) | 1.11 (0.75–1.63) | 1.09 (0.78–1.51) | 1.64 (1.08–2.48) |
Model 1 was unadjusted;
Model 2 was adjusted for maternal age at delivery (in years, continuous), early pregnancy BMI (Kg/m2, continuous), gestation, parity, presence of GDM;
Model 3 was additionally controlled for SBP (mmHg, continuous) at the first visit, and SBP measurement times (continuous) during pregnancy, based on model 2;
Model 4 was additionally controlled for infant sex (boys, girls) and presence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (including GH, PE and eclampsia), on the basis of Model 3