Table 1.
Biosensors for plant hormones
| Analyte | Biosensor | Sensor type | Range of ligand concentrations applied endogenously or exogenously | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABA | 6xABRE | Transcriptional | approx. 1–25 µm | (Wu et al., 2018) |
| ABACUS | FRET based | approx. 2–80 µm | (Jones et al., 2014) | |
| ABAleon2.1 | FRET based | approx. 100 nm | (Waadt et al., 2014) | |
| ABAleon2.15 | FRET based | approx. 100 nm | (Waadt et al., 2014) | |
| ABAleonSD1‐3L21 | FRET based | approx. 100 nm | (Waadt et al., 2020) | |
| SNACS | FRET based | 20 µm ABA (exogenous) | (Zhang et al., 2020) | |
| Auxin | DR5:reporter | Transcriptional | 10–1000 nm (DR5) | (Ulmasov et al., 1997; Liao et al., 2015) |
| 3–1000 nm (DR5v2) | ||||
| pIAAmotif | Transcriptional | 10 nm –1 µm 2,4‐D (exogenous) | (Lieberman‐Lazarovich et al., 2019) | |
| DII‐VENUS | Degron based | 1–1000 nm | (Brunoud et al., 2012) | |
| R2D2 | Degron based | 1 µm IAA (exogenous) | (Liao et al., 2015) | |
| L2min17‐Luc | Degron based | 10–1000 nm | (Wend et al., 2013) | |
| AuxSen | FRET based | 5–50 µm | (Herud‐Sikimic et al., 2020) | |
| Brassinosteroid | BZR1‐YFP | Transcriptional | 100 µm brassinolide (exogenous) | (Chaiwanon and Wang, 2015) |
| Cytokinin | ARR5 | Transcriptional | 10–1000 nm | (D'Agostino et al., 2000; Romanov et al., 2002) |
| TCS | Transcriptional | 1–1000 nm | (Müller & Sheen, 2007) | |
| TCSn | Transcriptional | 1–1000 nm | (Zürcher et al., 2013) | |
| Ethylene | EIN3‐GFP | Degron based | 50 µm ACC (exogenous) | (Guo and Ecker, 2003) |
| EIL1‐GFP | Degron based | 100 µm ACC (exogenous) | (An et al., 2010) | |
| FP‐EBF 3’UTR | Translational | 10 µm ACC (exogenous) | (Merchante et al., 2015) | |
| FP‐6x EPU | Translational | 10 µm ACC (exogenous) | (Li et al., 2015) | |
| EBS:GUS | Transcriptional | 10 µM ACC (exogeneous) | (Stepanova et al., 2007) | |
| AEP | Artificial metalozyme | 100 µM ACC (exogenous) | (Vong et al., 2019) | |
| Gibberellin | GFP‐RGA | Degron based | 100 µM GA3 (exogenous) | (Silverstone et al., 2001) |
| GPS1 | FRET based | 0.03–1 µM GA1 | (Rizza et al., 2017) | |
| 0.1–2 µM GA3 | ||||
| 0.005–0.2 µM GA4 | ||||
| Jasmonic acid | Jas9‐Venus | Degron based | 50 nm−10 µM coronatine | (Larrieu et al., 2015) |
| JAI3‐FP | Degron based | 50 µM jasmonate (exogenous) | (Chini et al., 2007) | |
| Karrikin | DLK2:LUC | Transcriptional | 1 µM < KAR1 (exogenous) | (Sun et al., 2016) |
| 10 nm < KAR2 (exogenous) | ||||
| pRATIO‐SMAX1 | Degron based | approx. 200 nm KAR1 (exogenous) | (Khosla et al., 2020) | |
| Salicylic acid | NPR1‐FP | Transcriptional | 0.5 mM INA (exogenous) | (Mou et al., 2003) |
| Strigolactone | D53‐GFP | Degron based | 5 µM rac‐GR24 (exogeneous) | (Zhou et al., 2013) |
| SMXL6‐YFP | Degron based | 5 µM rac‐GR24 (exogeneous) | (Bennett et al., 2016) | |
| SMXL7‐YFP | Degron based | 5 µM rac‐GR24 (exogeneous) | (Liang et al., 2016) | |
| StrigoQuant | Degron based | 10 pM–1 nm | (Samodelov et al., 2016) | |
| rDAD2cpGFP | cpFP based | 50–500 nm rec‐GR24 (exogenous) | (Chesterfield et al., 2020) | |
| rShHTL7cpGFP | cpFP based | approx. 10–100 nm rec‐GR24 (exogenous) | (Chesterfield et al., 2020) |