Table 1.

Associations between maternal E-DII and DASH scores (per 1-SD increase) and childhood OWOB (BMI z-score > 85th percentile)

	Early-childhood		Mid-childhood		Late-childhood
	OR (95%CI)	I2 (%)	OR (95% CI)	I2 (%)	OR (95% CI)	I2 (%)
E-DII
Pre	0.94 (0.84, 1.05)	0	1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	0	0.96 (0.81, 1.15)	0
Np/Nc	3122/2		2635/2		1658/2
Preg	0.94 (0.87, 1.02)	0	0.97 (0.91, 1.03)	0	1.07 (0.98, 1.16)	29
Np/Nc	6111/6		8717/7		11,803/5
Early	0.98 (0.89, 1.07)	0	0.97 (0.91, 1.04)	0	1.09 (0.999, 1.19)	0
Np/Nc	4103/4		6903/5		5063/3
Late	0.91 (0.83, 0.997)*	0	0.97 (0.85, 1.11)	21	1.07 (0.93, 1.23)	41
Np/Nc	4027/3		3419/3		7779/3
DASH
Pre	0.98 (0.80, 1.22)	62	0.93 (0.81, 1.06)	0	0.96 (0.80, 1.16)	0
Np/Nc	3122/2		2635/2		1658/2
Preg	0.98 (0.91, 1.06)	0	1.03 (0.96, 1.11)	3	0.92 (0.87, 0.98)**	0
Np/Nc	6111/6		8717/7		11,803/5
Early	0.99 (0.90, 1.09)	0	1.05 (0.97, 1.14)	7	0.86 (0.72, 1.04)	55
Np/Nc	4103/4		6903/5		5065/3
Late	1.01 (0.92, 1.11)	0	0.96 (0.85, 1.07)	0	0.91 (0.85, 0.98)*	0
Np/Nc	4027/3		3419/3		7779/3

Values are adjusted pooled effect estimates [OR (95% CI)] expressed for a 1-SD increment in dietary scores, heterogeneity measure (I²) and the number of participants and studies included (Np/Nc) across different outcomes and conception periods, as labelled. Effect estimates were adjusted for maternal education, ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal height, parity, energy intake (for DASH analysis only), cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and (intrinsically adjusted for the outcome) child sex and age at measurement

OR (effect estimates) and the I² (heterogeneity) test have separate P values

E-DII energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index, DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, OWOB overweight and obesity, I² I-squared, Pre pre-pregnancy, Preg pregnancy, Early early pregnancy, Late late pregnancy, Np number of participants included, Nc number of cohorts included

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01