TABLE 4.
Results from fitting various models in the antidepressant dataset
| Parameter | GLMM‐full (SE) | STEP (SE) | LASSO (SE*) | ridge (SE*) | Adaptive LASSO (SE*) | Bayesian LASSO (SE*) | SSVS (SE, % selected) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average treatment effect (log‐odds ratio) | −1.37 (0.35) | −1.37 (0.35) | −1.36 (0.30) | −1.27 (0.31) | −1.37 (0.89) | −1.38 (0.51) | −1.34 (0.51) | |
| Heterogeneity (τ) | 0.00 | – | – | – | – | 0.57 (0.44) | 0.55 (0.44) | |
| Main effects | baseline severity | 1.65 (1.23) | 1.94 (0.67) | 1.95 (0.82) | 1.94 (0.80) | 1.95 (0.77) | 1.90 (0.73) | 1.99 (0.69) |
| age | 1.08 (0.74) | 0.55 (0.44) | 0.56 (0.62) | 0.49 (0.67) | 0.55 (0.67) | 0.55 (0.54) | 0.56 (0.49) | |
| female | 0.10 (0.30) | −0.22 (0.16) | −0.19 (0.27) | −0.14 (0.26) | −0.45(0.52) | −0.00 (0.27) | −0.12 (0.24) | |
| age at onset | −1.97 (0.74) | −1.50 (0.48) | −1.25 (0.64) | −1.03 (0.71) | −1.37 (0.80) | −1.39 (0.56) | −1.26 (0.53) | |
| episode_frequency_over_3 | 0.03 (0.37) | −0.02 (0.19) | −0.03 (0.31) | 0.03 (0.30) | −0.02 (0.34) | 0.08 (0.30) | 0.02 (0.25) | |
| episode duration week | 0.46 (0.32) | 0.50 (0.17) | 0.49 (0.24) | 0.49 (0.23) | 0.49 (0.25) | 0.47 (0.27) | 0.49 (0.21) | |
| guilty agitation HRSD | −0.07 (0.63) | −0.02 (0.35) | −0.01 (0.43) | −0.04 (0.41) | −0.01 (0.41) | −0.10 (0.41) | −0.08 (0.38) | |
| bodily symptoms HRSD | 0.64 (0.52) | 0.29 (0.28) | 0.28 (0.37) | 0.33 (0.34) | 0.28 (0.32) | 0.45 (0.38) | 0.32 (0.33) | |
| sleep problems HRSD | 0.22 (0.59) | 0.12 (0.32) | 0.12 (0.33) | 0.11 (0.34) | 0.12 (0.41) | 0.12 (0.39) | 0.10 (0.34) | |
| anhedonia retardation HRSD | 0.32 (0.60) | 0.34 (0.32) | 0.33 (0.43) | 0.29 (0.42) | 0.33 (0.45) | 0.27 (0.39) | 0.27 (0.36) | |
| Effect modifiers (treatment‐covariate interactions) | baseline severity: treatment | 0.52 (1.47) | 0 | 0 | 0.03 (0.37) | 0 | 0.09 (0.44) | 0.02 (0.24, 40%) |
| age: treatment | −0.78 (0.92) | 0 | 0 | 0.15 (0.67) | 0 | 0.06 (0.46) | 0.07 (0.32, 46%) | |
| female: treatment | −0.45 (0.35) | 0 | −0.05 (0.35) | −0.13 (0.32) | 0 | −0.31 (0.31) | −0.15 (0.25, 47%) | |
| age at onset: treatment | 1.69 (0.92) | 0.99 (0.33) | 0.60 (0.65) | 0.23 (0.74) | 0.81 (0.99) | 0.76 (0.52) | 0.56 (0.48, 81%) | |
| episode frequency over 3: treatment | −0.04 (0.43) | 0 | 0 | −0.09 (0.26) | 0 | −0.15 (0.31) | −0.07 (0.21, 37%) | |
| episode duration week: treatment | 0.06 (0.37) | 0 | 0 | −0.01 (0.20) | 0 | 0.02 (0.29) | 0.00 (0.18, 35%) | |
| guilty agitation HRSD: treatment | 0.01 (0.76) | 0 | 0 | 0.04 (0.26) | 0 | 0.10 (0.33) | 0.06 (0.21, 39%) | |
| bodily symptoms HRSD: treatment | −0.52 (0.62) | 0 | 0 | −0.07 (0.31) | 0 | −0.24 (0.33) | −0.09 (0.23, 41%) | |
| sleep problems HRSD: treatment | −0.20 (0.70) | 0 | 0 | −0.00 (0.20) | 0 | −0.02 (0.31) | −0.01 (0.18, 35%) | |
| anhedonia retardation HRSD: treatment | −0.01 (0.71) | 0 | 0 | 0.06 (0.26) | 0 | 0.10 (0.32) | 0.06 (0.20, 38%) | |
Note: “age: treat” denotes the interaction term between age and treatment; likewise for all other interaction terms. For SSVS, the “% selected” shows how frequently a given interaction was selected in the MCMC analysis. HRSD, 17‐item Hamilton rating scale for depression; SE, standard error. SE denoted with a star (*) were estimated using bootstrap.