Table 2.
Estimated Within-Group and Post-between-Group Differences in Cognitive Function, Frailty and Physical Performance (Survived Cases vs Controls)
| n | Average Differences Within-Group |
Mean Between-Group Differences |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (COVID-19 +) |
n | Controls (COVID-19 −) |
|||||||||||
| Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | Δ Post-Pre | P Value | Pre-COVID | Post-COVID | Δ Post-Pre | P Value | Δ Cases-Controls | P Value | Effect Size, d | |||
| MMSE | 40 | 17.0 (0.4) | 15.3 (0.5) | −1.7 (0.6) | .005 | 60 | 17.1 (0.4) | 15.4 (0.5) | −1.7 (0.5) | .002 | −0.02 (0.6) | .97 | 0.37 |
| Frail-NH score | 56 | 7.2 (0.2) | 9.1 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | <.001 | 72 | 7.5 (0.2) | 7.9 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | .32 | 1.3 (0.3) | <.001 | 0.33 |
| Handgrip (kg) | 43 | 9.1 (0.6) | 8.1 (0.7) | −1.1 (0.9) | .05 | 57 | 9.1 (0.5) | 9.8 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.7) | .28 | 1.8 (0.9) | .05 | 0.10 |
| Walking speed (m/s) | 17 | 0.72 (0.03) | 0.57 (0.04) | −0.15 (0.05) | .003 | 22 | 0.64 (0.03) | 0.65 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.04) | .80 | 0.08 (0.06) | .01 | 0.53 |
Numbers are means (standard error).