Table 1.
Patient characteristics and associations with COVID-19
| Variable* | COVID-19 Negative (n = 25,983) | COVID-19 Positive (n = 1,218) | Entire cohort (n = 27,201) | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza Vaccine, n (%) | 12,472 (48.0) | 525 (43.1) | 12,997 (47.8) | <.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 1,4512 (55.9) | 649 (53.3) | 1,5161 (55.7) | .08 |
| Age, Mean (SD) | 47.07 (22.21) | 50.69 (18.67) | 47.23 (22.07) | <.001 |
| Age, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| <35 | 8143 (31.3%) | 276 (22.7%) | 8419 (31.0%) | |
| 35-49 | 4532 (17.4%) | 276 (22.7%) | 4808 (17.7%) | |
| 50-64 | 6098 (23.5%) | 349 (28.7%) | 6447 (23.7%) | |
| ≥65 | 6597 (25.4%) | 308 (25.3%) | 6905 (25.4%) | |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| African American | 2,972 (11.4) | 432 (35.5) | 3,404 (12.5) | <.001 |
| Caucasian | 20,386 (78.5) | 617 (50.7) | 21,003 (77.2) | |
| Other | 1,841 (7.1) | 113 (9.3) | 1,954 (7.2) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 824 (3.2) | 27 (2.2) | 851 (3.1) | .08 |
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 23,951 (92.2) | 1,111 (91.2) | 25,062 (92.1) | |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease, n (%) | 3,806 (14.6) | 241 (19.8) | 4,047 (14.9) | <.001 |
| Congestive Heart Failure, n (%) | 2,032 (7.8) | 125 (10.3) | 2,157 (7.9) | .003 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2,556 (9.8) | 262 (21.5) | 2,818 (10.4) | <.001 |
| Complicated Diabetes, n (%) | 749 (2.9) | 103 (8.5) | 852 (3.1) | <.001 |
| Uncomplicated Diabetes, n (%) | 1,807 (7.0) | 159 (13.1) | 1,966 (7.2) | <.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 5,847 (22.5) | 438 (36.0) | 6,285 (23.1) | <.001 |
| Complicated Hypertension, n (%) | 1,549 (6.0) | 175 (14.4) | 1,724 (6.3) | <.001 |
| Uncomplicated Hypertension, n (%) | 4,298 (16.5) | 263 (21.6) | 4,561 (16.8) | <.001 |
| BMI, Mean (SD) | 28.23 (9.10) | 32.42 (12.28) | 28.39 (9.28) | <.001 |
| BMI, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| <18.5 | 1713 (6.6%) | 17 (1.4%) | 1730 (6.4%) | |
| 18.5-24.9 | 4856 (18.7%) | 117 (9.6%) | 4973 (18.3%) | |
| 24.9-29.9 | 5097 (19.6%) | 219 (18.0%) | 5316 (19.5%) | |
| 30-39.9 | 5014 (19.3%) | 264 (21.7%) | 5278 (19.4%) | |
| >40 | 1424 (5.5%) | 118 (9.7%) | 1542 (5.7%) | |
| Elixhauser Score, Mean (SD) | 1.54 (2.34) | 2.53 (3.19) | 1.59 (2.39) | <.001 |
| Smoking Status, n (%) | ||||
| Current Smoker | 1,678 (6.5%) | 40 (3.3%) | 1,718 (6.3%) | .002 |
| Former Smoker | 3,635 (14.0%) | 175 (14.4%) | 3,810 (14.0%) | |
| Tobacco Use | 91 (0.4%) | 2 (0.2%) | 93 (0.3%) | |
| Never Smoker | 6,836 (26.3%) | 348 (28.6%) | 7,184 (26.4%) |
⁎
Proportions vary because of missing data on comorbid covariates chronic pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, complicated diabetes, uncomplicated diabetes, hypertension, complicated hypertension, and uncomplicated hypertension (n = 251, 0.9%), age (n = 622, 2.3%), race (n = 840, 3.1%), and ethnicity (n = 1,288, 4.7%), and a larger amount of missing data on BMI (n=8,362, 30.7%) and smoking status (n=14,396, 52.9%).
†
P values are shown from Chi-square tests for categorial variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables comparing probability of positive COVID-19 test.