Table 2.

Completed clinical trials of curcumin in healthy and diseased subjects with various disorders.

Sl. No	Disease condition	Dose	Sample size; Study design; study Duration	Study Outcome	Reference
1	Rheumatoid arthritis	1.2 g/day	N = 18; double blind, cross over study; 15 days	Significant improvement in pain and physical function scores	S. D. Deodhar et al., Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Indian J Med Res 71, 632–634 (1980).
2	Osteoarthritis (Knee)	1.5 g/day	N = 367; Randomized, multicenter study; 30 days	No significant Changes	V. Kuptniratsaikul et al., Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study. Clin Interv Aging 9, 451–458 (2014).
3	Osteoarthritis (Knee)	0.5 g twice per day	N = 120, Randomized, Single blind, multicenter study; 42 days	Significant improvement in pain and physical function scores	K. Madhu et al., Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 21, 129–136 (2013).
4	Osteoarthritis (Knee)	0.5 g twice per day	N = 40, Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial; 42 days	Significant improvement in pain and physical function scores	Y. Panahi et al., Curcuminoid treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 28, 1625–1631 (2014).
5	Metabolic disorders	0.5 g twice per day	N = 117; Randomized controlled trial; 56 days	Significant decrease in inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, TGF-β, IL-6 and TNF-α)	Y. Panahi et al., Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 34, 1101–1108 (2015).
6	Psoriasis	2g/day	N = 63, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; 84 days	Reduction in PASI Score (erythema, scaling and induration of lesions) and serum IL-22 titer	E. Antiga et al., Oral Curcumin (Meriva) Is Effective as an Adjuvant Treatment and Is Able to Reduce IL-22 Serum Levels in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Biomed Res Int 2015, 283634 (2015).
7	Scalp Psoriasis	Turmeric tonic, twice per day	N = 40; Randomized, <!--Soft-enter Run-on-- > double-blind, placebo-controlled; 63 days	Reduction in PASI Score (erythema, scaling and induration of lesions) and improvement	P. Bahraini et al., Turmeric tonic as a treatment in scalp psoriasis: A randomized placebo-control clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 17, 461–466 (2018)
8	Radiation dermatitis	6g/day	N = 30; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; Until completion of radiotherapy	Reduction of Radiation dermatitis severity scores	J. L. Ryan et al., Curcumin for radiation dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of thirty breast cancer patients. Radiat Res 180, 34–43 (2013).
9	Healthy (Aged adults)	1.5g/day BCM-95®CG (Biocurcumax™)	N = 160; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; 365 days	No significant differences in clinical parameters and cognitive measures	S. R. Rainey-Smith et al., Curcumin and cognition: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of community-dwelling older adults. Br J Nutr 115, 2106–2113 (2016).
10	Healthy (Aged adults)	Longvida® Optimized Curcumin, in 1 month dose of 400 mg	N = 60; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3/4 trial; 30 days	Improvisation of alertness and<!--Soft-enter Run-on-- > contentedness; as well as decreases levels of LDL cholesterol	K. H. Cox et al., Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population. J Psychopharmacol 29, 642–651 (2015).
11	Alzheimer Disease	0.09 g curcumin in theracurmin; twice per day	N = 46, Randomized, double-blind, Two groups; 540 days	Improvement in Buschke selective reminding test, visual memory and attention.	G. W. Small et al., Memory and Brain Amyloid and Tau Effects of a Bioavailable Form of Curcumin in Non-Demented Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 18-Month Trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 26, 266–277 (2018).
12	Anxiety and depression	1g/day	N = 50, Randomized, double- blind blind, placebo-controlled study; 56 days	Significant decrease Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score	A. L. Lopresti et al., Curcumin and major depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the potential of peripheral biomarkers to predict treatment response and antidepressant mechanisms of change. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 25, 38–50 (2015).
13	Anxiety and depression	1g/day	N = 56, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 56 days	Significant decrease Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score	A. L. Lopresti et al., Curcumin for the treatment of major depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Affect Disord 167, 368–375 (2014).
14	Anxiety and depression	1g/day	N = 108; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 42 days	Significant decrease in antidepressent behavioral response, along with decrease in inflammatory cytokines in the plasma	J. J. Yu et al., Chronic Supplementation of Curcumin Enhances the Efficacy of Antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 35, 406–410 (2015).
15	Anxiety and depression	1g/day (C3 Complex formula)	N = 30; Double blind, cross over trail; 30 days	Significant decrease Beck Anxiety Inventory scale	H. Esmaily et al., An investigation of the effects of curcumin on anxiety and depression in obese individuals: A randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med 21, 332–338 (2015).
16	Anxiety and depression	0.5 g/day	N = 40; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 35 days	Reduction in rapid depressive symptoms reduction	J. Bergman et al., Curcumin as an add-on to antidepressive treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical study. Clin Neuropharmacol 36, 73–77 (2013).
17	Anxiety and depression	1 g/day	N = 60; Randomized controlled trail; 42 days	Reduction in Hamilton depression rating scale	J. Sanmukhani et al., Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 28, 579–585 (2014).
18	Cardiovascular disorder (Hypercholestrolemic)	0.2 g/day	N = 70; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 28 days	Reduction in total cholesterol	J. J. A. Ferguson et al., Curcumin potentiates cholesterol-lowering effects of phytosterols in hypercholesterolaemic individuals. A randomised controlled trial. Metabolism 82, 22–35 (2018).
19	Cardiovascular disorder (Obese)	0.5 g/day (C3 complex capsules)	N = 30; Randomized, double-blind, cross over study; 30 days	Reduction in pro-oxidant-anti-oxidant balance and serum Triglycerol	A. Sahebkar et al., Curcuminoids modulate pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance but not the immune response to heat shock protein 27 and oxidized LDL in obese individuals. Phytother Res 27, 1883–1888 (2013).
20	Metabolic syndrome	1.89 g/day	N = 65; Randomized, double-blind study; 84 days	Reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerol and triglycerol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio	Y. S. Yang et al., Lipid-lowering effects of curcumin in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 28, 1770–1777 (2014).
21	Metabolic syndrome	2.4 g/day and 1.5 g/day	N = 250; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 56 days	Improved Body Mass Index, body fat and waste circumference	F. Amin et al., Clinical efficacy of the co-administration of Turmeric and Black seeds (Kalongi) in metabolic syndrome - a double blind randomized controlled trial - TAK-MetS trial. Complement Ther Med 23, 165–174 (2015).
22	Inflammatory Bowel Disease (mild to moderate active ulcerities colities)	3 g/day	N = 50; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 30 days	Improvement in clinical symptoms	A. Lang et al., Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13, 1444–1449.e1441 (2015).
23	Hepatoprotective effects	0.237 g/day	N = 60; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 84 days	Reduction in alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate amino-transferase levels	S. W. Kim et al., The effectiveness of fermented turmeric powder in subjects with elevated alanine transaminase levels: a randomised controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med 13, 58 (2013).
24	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	0.07 g/day	N = 80; Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 56 days	Reduction in weight and body mass index and improvement liver ultrasonographic findings	S. Rahmani et al., Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Curcumin: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. Phytother Res 30, 1540–1548 (2016).
25	Chronic kidney disorder	0.32 g/day	N = 101, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 56 days	Reduction in lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant activity	A. S. Jiménez-Osorio et al., The Effect of Dietary Supplementation With Curcumin on Redox Status and Nrf 2 Activation in Patients With Nondiabetic or Diabetic Proteinuric Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study. J Ren Nutr 26, 237–244 (2016).
26	Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome	0.2 g	N = 60; Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, Phase II; 30 days	Improvement in chronic Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index	G. Morgia et al., A phase II, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of Curcumina and Calendula suppositories for the treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III. Arch Ital Urol Androl 89, 110–113 (2017).
27	Type II Diabetis Mellitus	0.3 g/day	N = 100; Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study; 84 days	Reduction in fasting blood glucose and free fatty acid levels	L. X. Na et al., Curcuminoids exert glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes by decreasing serum free fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 57, 1569–1577 (2013).
28	Type II Diabetis Mellitus	2 g/day	N = 60, Open label randomized clinical study; 28 days	Decrease in fasting blood glucose, low density lipoprotein cholestrol and anti-inflammatory molecule hs C-reactive protein	N. Maithili et al., Efficacy of Turmeric as Adjuvant Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Indian J Clin Biochem 30, 180–186 (2015).
29	Type II Diabetis Mellitus	0.08 g/day (nano-formulation)	N = 70, Randomized double blind, placebo control add-on clinical study; 90 days	Reduction in fast blood glucose, triglycerol, glycated hemoglobin a1c, and body mass index	H. R. Rahimi et al., The effect of nano-curcumin on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile in diabetic subjects: a randomized clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed 6, 567–577 (2016).
30	Type II Diabetis Mellitus	0.45 g/day	N = 8, Open-label, randomized control study; 11 days	Decrease in glucose, low density lipoprotein cholestrol, very low density lipoprotein cholestrol and triglycerol	P. Neerati et al., Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res 28, 1796–1800 (2014).
31	Obesity (female)	2.8 g/day	N = 62, Randomized, doubled-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study; 70 days	No significant changes in clinical parameters	F. Di Pierro et al., Potential role of bioavailable curcumin in weight loss and omental adipose tissue decrease: preliminary data of a randomized, controlled trial in overweight people with metabolic syndrome. Preliminary study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19, 4195–4202 (2015).
32	Obesity	1 g/day	N = 30, Randomized, doubled-blind, cross over study; 28 days	Reduction in inflammatory cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor	S. Ganjali et al., Investigation of the effects of curcumin on serum cytokines in obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial. ScientificWorldJournal 2014, 898361 (2014).
33	Beta-thalassemia	0.5 g/day	60	Reduction in oxidative stress, iron levels and increase in hemoglobin concentration and antioxidant level.	O. U. Yanpanitch et al., Treatment of β-Thalassemia/Hemoglobin E with Antioxidant Cocktails Results in Decreased Oxidative Stress, Increased Hemoglobin Concentration, and Improvement of the Hypercoagulable State. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015, 537954 (2015).
34	Beta-thalassemia	1 g/day	N = 68, Randomized, doubled-blind, controlled clinical study; 84 days	Reduction in total & direct bilirubin content. Increase in antioxidant activity, hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, and catalase activity.	E. Mohammadi et al., An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 32, 1828–1835 (2018).
35	Breast Cancer (metastatic)	0.5–8 g/day	N = 14, open-label, Phase I clinical trial; 7 days	Reduction in carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker; Vascular endothelial growth factor showing anti-angiogenic effect	M. Bayet-Robert et al., Phase I dose escalation trial of docetaxel plus curcumin in patients with advanced and metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 9, 8–14 (2010).
36	Pancreatic cancer	0.2–0.4 g/day	N = 16, Phase I clinical trial	Improved fatigue- and association with quality of life scores	M. Kanai et al., A phase I study investigating the safety and pharmacokinetics of highly bioavailable curcumin (Theracurmin) in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 71, 1521–1530 (2013).