Table 2.

Primary and secondary outcomes.

Outcome	Study design	No. of studies (subjects)	Risk ratio/mean difference. (95% CI)	Heterogeneity (I2) p-value	Quality of evidence
All-cause mortality (Overall)	RCT	9 (9130)	1.09 (0.99–1.20)	0%, 0.96	Moderate
	Prospective Cohort	3 (787)	0.84 (0.27–2.62)	76%, 0.04
All-cause mortality (Hospitalized)	RCT	6 (7275)	1.09 (0.99–1.20)	0%, 0.05	Moderate
	Prospective Cohort	3 (787)	0.84 (0.27–2.62)	76%, 0.04
All-cause mortality (Non-Hospitalized)	RCT	3 (1855)	0.99 (0.14–6.98)	0%, 0.99	Low
Need for hospitalization (only for outpatient trials)	RCT	3 (1855)	0.57 (0.32–1.02)	0%, 0.51	Low
Need for mechanical ventilation (post-randomization)	RCT	4 (6302)	1.12 (0.95–1.33)	0%, 0.95	Low
Need for ICU admission (post-randomization/enrolment)	RCT	2 (224)	0.85 (0.40–1.79)	–	Very low
	Prospective Cohort	2 (482)	38.6(2.2–689.1)	–
Clinical Recovery	RCT	2 (4910)	1.19 (0.72–1.95)	89%, 0.003	Very low
Radiological recovery	RCT	1 (62)	1.47 (1.02–2.11)	–	Very low
Virological Recovery by day 28 of illness	RCT	2 (180)	0.98 (0.89–1.09)	0%, 0.49	Very low
	Prospective Cohort	1 (373)	1.21 (1.11–1.31)	–
Progression to severe disease	RCT	1 (150)	3.00 (0.12–72.5)	–	Very low
Any adverse event	RCT	8 (4645)	2.00 (1.32–3.01)	80%, <0.01	Low
	Prospective Cohort	1 (373)	0.83 (0.61–1.14)	–
Serious adverse events	RCT	8 (4645)	1.21 (0.91–1.62)	0%, 0.97	Low
Time to clinical recovery	RCT	2 (374)	0.40 (−0.67 - 1.46)	68%, 0.08	Very low
Time to virological recovery	RCT	2 (344)	0.16 (−1.44,1.75)	85%, 0.01	Very low
	Prospective Cohort	2 (482)	−4.66 (−7.99 -1.32)	75%, 0.05
Duration of hospital stay	RCT	2 (526)	−0.17 (−0.80 -0.46)	0%, 0.69	Very low
	Prospective Cohort	2 (482)	−1.00 (−2.02 - 0.02)	0%, 1.00
HCQs Prophylaxis
Confirmed COVID-19	RCT	3 (2429)	1.04 (0.58–1.88)	0%,0.91	Moderate
Need for hospitalization	RCT	2 (2304)	0.64 (0.28–1.47)	0%, 0.75	Low
Any adverse events	RCT	3 (2315)	1.87 (1.39–2.51)	67%,0.05	Moderate