Table 1.
Effect of macrophage interventions on cystic kidney disease and their outcomes
| Animal Model | Intervention Method | Outcomes | Reference (Yr) |
| Pkd1fl/fl;Pkhd1-cre mice | LC was administrated on alternate d from PN10 to PN24. Mice were harvested at PN24. | LC treatment improved renal function and reduced cystic index by 24%. | 34 (2011) |
| cpk/cpk mice | LC was administrated at PN3 and PN6. Mice were harvested at PN10. | LC treatment improved renal function and reduced cortical cystic index by 29%. | 35 (2013) |
| Pck rats | Bindarit (MCP-1 synthesis inhibitor) was administrated daily from 5 to 15 wk. Mice were harvested at 15 wk. | No effect on cystic index or kidney function. | 40 (2015) |
| Hypomorphic Pkd1nl/nlmice or | ISO-1 (MIF inhibitor) was administrated daily from PN5 to PN27 in Pkd1nl/nl mice. Mice were harvested at PN28. | ISO-1 treatment improved renal function and reduced cystic index by 51%. | 38 (2015) |
| Mif−/−;Pkd1fl/fl;Ksp-cre mice (DKO) | Mif−/−;Pkd1fl/fl;Ksp-Cre mice (DKO) were harvested at PN7. | Mif−/−;Pkd1fl/fl;Ksp-cre mice had improved renal function and reduced cystic index by 58%. | |
| Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;TetO-cre or | INCB3344(CCR2 antagonist) was administrated daily from 6 wk to 12 wk of age in Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;TetO-Cremice. | INCB3344 treatment improved renal function and reduced cystic index by 31%. | 37 (2018) |
| Mcp1fl/fl;Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;TetO-cremice (DKO) | DKO mice were induced with doxycycline from PN28 to PN42. Mice were harvested at 18 wk. | Mcp1fl/fl;Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;TetO-Cre mice had improved renal function and reduced cystic index by 60%. | |
| Pkd1fl/fl;CAGG-creERT2 | LC was administrated daily from PN16 to PN23 (Stage 1) or from PN24 to PN32 (Stage 2) in PN10 induced Pkd1fl/fl;CAGG-CreERT2 mice. | LC treatment during Stage 1 did not affect renal cysts, but LC treatment during Stage 2 improved renal function and reduced cystic index by 60%. | 26 (2018) |
| Mcp1fl/fl;Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;TetO-cremice (DKO) | DKO were induced with doxycycline from PN28 to PN42. Mice were harvested at 13.5 wk. | Genetic deletion of Mcp1 in Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;TetO-Cre mice improved renal function and reduced cyst formation. | 36 (2018) |
| cpk/cpk;Ccl2−/− mice | cpk/cpk Ccl2−/− mice were harvested at PN18. | Genetic deletion of Ccl2 did not affect kidney cysts, but prolonged survival of mice. | 41 (2019) |
| Ift88fl/fl;CAGG-CreERT2 mice with ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury | GW2580 (CSF1R kinase inhibitor) was administrated daily from d 1 to d 35 post IR injury in adult induced Ift88fl/fl;CAGGCre ERT2 mice. | GW2580 treatment reduced cystic index by 60%. | 20 (2019) |
| cpk/cpk mice | GW2580 was administrated daily from PN11 to PN21 in cpk/cpk mice. | GW2580 treatment on cpk mice reduced rate of growth in TKV (slope) by 37%. | |
| Pkd1fl/fl;CAGG-CreERT2 mice with UNX | IRF5 ASO was given weekly to Pkd1fl/fl;CAGG-CreERT2 mice for 6 wk post nephrectomy. | IRF5 ASO treatment reduced cystic index by 50%. | 51 (2020) |
LC, liposomal clodronate; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; DKO, double knockout; INCB, International Narcotics Control Board; UNX, unilateral nephrectomy; TKV, total kidney volume; ASO, antisense oligo.