Table 1.
ALPHA baseline values and main effects for estrogens, estrogen metabolites, and metabolic pathways
| Serum concentrations at baseline (pmol/L) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercisers (n=153) | Controls (n=153) | Main effects between groups | |
| Estrogens, estrogen metabolites, and metabolic pathwaysa | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | % differenceb (SE) |
| Parent estrogens | 379.6 (13.8) | 389.3 (29.1) | −5.3 (3.8) |
| Estrone | 339.5 (12.3) | 341.2 (12.8) | −4.5 (3.9) |
| Estradiol | 40.1 (2.5) | 48.1 (4.9) | −10.0 (4.7)c |
| 2-pathway | 183.5 (4.7) | 191.4 (6.4) | −2.1 (2.9) |
| 2-Hydroxyestrone | 82.2 (2.6) | 87.7 (3.6) | −1.9 (3.8) |
| 2-Hydroxyestradiol | 27.5 (1.0) | 28.6 (1.2) | −5.7 (4.7) |
| 2-Methoxyestrone | 42.6 (1.4) | 43.2 (1.6) | −4.1 (3.3) |
| 2-Methoxyestradiol | 22.9 (0.7) | 23.6 (0.7) | 0.6 (3.4) |
| 2-Hydroxyestrone-3 methyl ether | 8.2 (0.2) | 8.3 (0.3) | 1.2 (3.6) |
| 4-pathway | 21.1 (0.5) | 21.6 (0.6) | 2.7 (2.5) |
| 4-Hydroxyestrone | 9.9 (0.3) | 10.2 (0.4) | 4.1 (3.7) |
| 4-Methoxyestrone | 6.1 (0.2) | 6.0 (0.2) | −1.2 (3.0) |
| 4-Methoxyestradiol | 5.2 (0.2) | 5.4 (0.2) | 4.8 (3.4) |
| 16-pathway | 254.9 (8.1) | 252.6 (8.7) | 1.3 (3.6) |
| 16α-hydroxyestrone | 37.5 (1.2) | 39.2 (1.5) | −2.5 (3.8) |
| 17-Epiestriol | 12.5 (0.4) | 12.8 (0.5) | 3.2 (4.0) |
| Estriol | 144.9 (5.2) | 141.5 (5.4) | 1.8 (4.2) |
| 16-Ketoestradiol | 42.5 (1.5) | 42.0 (1.5) | 3.5 (3.8) |
| 16-Epiestriol | 17.5 (0.5) | 17.2 (0.5) | 2.4 (3.6) |
| 2-pathway/parent estrogens ratio | 0.53 (0.01) | 0.54 (0.01) | 3.0 (3.1) |
a
Includes glucuronidated, sulfated, and unconjugated forms for each estrogen, estrogen metabolite, and metabolic pathway.
b
% difference derived from linear mixed models adjusted for baseline estrogen/estrogen metabolite concentrations, without adjustment for weight change: 153 exercisers and 154 controls. Significant differences are bolded.
c
p = 0.04