Figure 2.
Fitts and Posner’s 3-stage model of learning. (1) The cognitive (acquisition) stage consists of the learner attempting to problem solve for what motor patterns need to be executed to perform the skill correctly.20,22 During this stage, motor performance is variable, improvement can be rapid, and task requires substantial attention.22,43,96 (2) The associative stage is identified by a slowing of the improvement rate and the increase in performance consistency. Here, attentional demands for executing the skill begin to decrease while proficiency remains high. (3) Finally, the autonomous stage involves a high level of performance with minimal attentional demands.97 Reaching this stage are often exemplified by the capability to perform multiple skills simultaneously (eg, singing while playing guitar).