Table 2.

Scoring examination findings in the Penn Upper Motor Neuron Score© and the MGH-Upper Motor Neuron Burden Score

UMNB Scale	Total Score	Sub-domains	Sub-domain components	Item scoring
Penn Upper Motor Neuron Score© (Woo JH et al, 2014)	0–32	Reflexes (bilateral)	a. Hyperactive (Biceps, Triceps, Patellar, Ankle)	0 if absent, diminished or normal 1 if pathologically brisk (≥ 3)/retained in weak muscle
			b. Pathological (Jaw jerk, Facial, Palmomental sign, Hoffman sign, Finger flexors, Crossed adductor, Clonus in arm or leg, Babinski sign)	0 if absent 1 if present
		Spasticity	Modified Ashworth scale (MAS)	0 if no increase in tone 1 if MAS 2 or 3 2 if MAS 4 or 5
		Pseudobulbar affect	CNS-Lability Scale (CNS-LS)	0 if CNS-LS < 13 1 if CNS-LS ≥13
Upper Motor Neuron Burden Score (Zurcher N, et al, 2015)	0–45	Reflexes (bilateral)	a. Hyperactive (Biceps, Brachioradialis, Triceps, Patellar, Ankle)	0 if Absent 1 if Diminished 2 if Normal 3 if pathologically brisk/retained in MRC grade ≤2 muscle 4 if Clonus
			b. Pathological (Jaw jerk, Hoffman, Babinski)	0 if Absent 1 if Present