Table 3:
Bivariate comparisons of patient characteristics and outcomes between women undergoing repeat cesarean birth as compared to vaginal birth after cesarean, and multivariable model of factors associated with vaginal birth after cesarean.
| Characteristic | Total N = 49 | Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (n = 16, 32.7%) | Repeat Cesarean Birth (n = 33, 67.4%) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age in years, Median (IQR) | 25 [22, 29] | 21 [24.5, 29] | 27 [23, 29] | 0.54a |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Education | 0.12b | |||
| Unable to read & write | 7 (14.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 6 (18.2%) | |
| Read & write only | 4 (8.2%) | 3 (18.7%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| Primary school | 22 (44.9%) | 7 (43.7%) | 15 (45.5%) | |
| Secondary school | 5 (10.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (15.2%) | |
| Higher education | 11 (22.5%) | 5 (31.3%) | 6 (18.2%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Religion | 0.17b | |||
| Muslim | 8 (16.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 7 (21.2%) | |
| Orthodox Christian | 19 (38.8%) | 5 (31.2%) | 14 (42.4%) | |
| Catholic Christian | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Protestant | 21 (42.9%) | 9 (56.2%) | 12 (36.4%) | |
| Jehovah’s Witness | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Relationship Status | - | |||
| Single | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Not single | 49 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | 33 (100.0%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Woreda | 0.47c | |||
| Urban | 27 (55.1%) | 10 (62.5%) | 17 (51.5%) | |
| Rural | 22 (44.9%) | 6 (37.5%) | 16 (48.5%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Number of Prenatal Visits | 0.83a | |||
| Median (IQR) | 4 [4.5] | 4 [3.5, 5.5] | 4 [4.5] | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Antepartum, Labor, and Delivery | ||||
| Parity | 0.29b | |||
| One | 31 (63.3%) | 8 (50.0%) | 23 (69.7%) | |
| Two | 12 (24.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | 6 (18.2%) | |
| Three+ | 6 (12.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | 4 (12.1%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Number of Prior Cesarean Births | 1.0b | |||
| One | 44 (89.8%) | 15 (98.7%) | 29 (87.9%) | |
| Two | 5 (10.2%) | 1 (6.3%) | 4 (12.1%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Interpregnancy Interval, Months (IQR) | 48 [36, 60] | 48 [42, 54] | 48 [36,72] | 1.0b |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Labor Onset | 0.03b | |||
| Not Applicable | 9 (18.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (27.8%) | |
| Spontaneous | 39 (79.6%) | 16 (100.0%) | 23 (69.7%) | |
| Induced/Augmented | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Cervical Exam on Admission | 0.009a | |||
| Median (IQR) | 3 [1.5, 3] | 3 [2.5, 7] | 2 [0.5,3] | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Duration of Labor | 0.12b | |||
| Not Applicable | 5 (8.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | |
| < 12 hours | 26 (46.4%) | 18 (51.4%) | 8 (38.1%) | |
| 12 – 24 hours | 18 (32.1%) | 14 (40.0%) | 4 (19.1%) | |
| 24+ hours | 7 (12.5%) | 3 (8.6%) | 4 (19.1%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Antepartum Hemorrhage | 0.55b | |||
| No | 53 (94.6%) | 34 (97.1%) | 19 (90.5%) | |
| Yes | 3 (5.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Antepartum Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia/Chronic | 0.54b | |||
| Hypertension | 46 (93.9%) | 16 (100.0%) | 30 (90.9%) | |
| No | 3 (6.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (9.1%) | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Missing | ||||
| Gestational Age in Weeks, Median (IQR) | 39 [38, 42] | 40 [38.5, 41] | 39 [38, 42] | 0.74a |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Birthweight (grams) | 0.33b | |||
| <2500 | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| ≥ 2500 | 48 (98.0%) | 15 (93.7%) | 33 (100.0%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Baby Sex | 0.28c | |||
| Male | 32 (66.6%) | 9 (56.3%) | 23 (71.9%) | |
| Female | 16 (33.3%) | 7 (43.7%) | 9 (28.1%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Postpartum Complications | ||||
| Maternal | ||||
| Postpartum Antibiotics | 0.02b | |||
| No | 39 (79.6%) | 16 (100.0%) | 23 (69.7%) | |
| Yes | 10 (20.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (30.3%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Neonatal | ||||
| Five-Minute Apgar Score Median (IQR) | 8 [8, 9] | 8 [8, 9] | 9 [8, 9] | 0.49a |
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Multivariable Model of Characteristics Associated with Vaginal Birth After Cesareand | ||||
| Characteristic | RR | CI | P-Value | |
| Onset of Labor | 1.7 | 0.5,5.2 | 0.37 | |
| Centimeters of Cervical Dilation on Admission | 1.15 | 1.1,1.3 | 0.004 | |
a:
Kruskal-Wallis test
b:
Fisher’s Exact test
c:
Chi-squared test
d:
Multivariable Poisson Model with Robust Error Variance of Characteristics Associated with Cesarean Birth