Table 5.
Concentrations of AA in ALF from heifers at day 83 of gestation as influenced by VTM supplementation and rate of gain (GAIN; low rate, 0.28 kg/d [LG] or moderate rate, 0.79 kg/d [MG]) in early gestation
| NoVTM1 | VTM2 | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA concentrations, µmol/L | LG | MG3 | LG | MG3 | SEM4 | VTM | GAIN | VTM × GAIN |
| Total | 12,389.0 | 13,745.0 | 15,599.0 | 19,773.0 | 1,751.5 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 0.41 |
| Neutral | ||||||||
| Ala | 1,767.5 | 1,794.0 | 2,032.6 | 2,516.9 | 183.1 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 0.20 |
| Asn | 209.9 | 227.5 | 252.7 | 338.6 | 36.5 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.34 |
| Cys | 50.3 | 68.0 | 68.2 | 90.4 | 9.8 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.81 |
| Gln | 2,070.8 | 2,416.6 | 2,880.9 | 3,490.2 | 344.7 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 0.69 |
| Gly | 2,851.4 | 2,735.1 | 3,242.1 | 3,949.5 | 364.7 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.25 |
| Ile | 139.7 | 151.3 | 161.7 | 219.1 | 23.2 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.31 |
| Leu | 362.5 | 407.4 | 405.3 | 581.7 | 59.7 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.26 |
| Met | 376.8 | 451.8 | 471.7 | 638.7 | 73.7 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.52 |
| Phe | 412.1 | 499.3 | 560.8 | 792.7 | 109.3 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.49 |
| Pro | 455.5 | 443.4 | 475.3 | 661.8 | 59.5 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.09 |
| Ser | 697.0 | 597.1 | 736.7 | 1,006.0 | 106.8 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.08 |
| Thr | 415.4 | 720.6 | 855.1 | 919.4 | 118.6 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 0.29 |
| Trp | 110.2 | 169.7 | 162.8 | 224.8 | 36.7 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.97 |
| Val | 486.3 | 517.6 | 583.3 | 775.2 | 78.1 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.29 |
| Cationic | ||||||||
| Arg | 638.3 | 825.0 | 749.5 | 1,060.5 | 129.3 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.62 |
| His | 985.1 | 1,371.0 | 1,706.5 | 2,079.7 | 307.9 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.98 |
| Lys | 288.7 | 275.1 | 193.8 | 280.0 | 47.7 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.28 |
| Anionic | ||||||||
| Asp | 16.2 | 20.5 | 21.9 | 33.9 | 3.8 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.29 |
| Glu | 55.6a | 53.9a | 37.8a | 113.8b | 14.6 | 0.14 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
1NoVTM, supplement was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg/heifer/d with no added vitamin and mineral supplement.
2VTM, supplement was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg/heifer/d (consisting of 113 g of a mineral and vitamin supplement, formulated to deliver similar levels of vitamins and minerals that were fed prebreeding, and 337 g of a carrier).
3Heifers fed with a blend of ground corn, dried distillers grains plus solubles, wheat midds, fish oil, urea, and ethoxyquin fed at rate to achieve targeted gain of 0.79 kg/d for moderate gain (MG) treatment.
4NoVTM-LG (n = 9), NoVTM-MG (n = 9), VTM-LG (n = 9), VTM-MG (n = 8).
abMeans without a common superscript differ (P ≤ 0.05).