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Baseline demographic data
| Data | Multimodal group (n = 40) | Control group (n = 40) |
| Sex (male: female) | 9:31 | 13:27 |
| Age (years) | 66 ± 8 | 66 ± 9 |
| Height (cm) | 158 ± 10 | 158 ± 8 |
| Weight (kg) | 66 ± 12 | 66 ± 14 |
| Preoperative VAS score | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 |
| Operative time (minutes) | 173 ± 33 | 176 ± 32 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD, except for sex.
