Table 2.

Comparisons of postoperative outcomes between groups

Factor	Control group (n = 40)	Multimodal group (n = 40)	p value
Postoperative VAS score (mean)
3 hours	4.5 ± 1.9	3.2 ± 1.8	0.001
6 hours	3.2 ± 1.7	2.1 ± 1.3	0.002
12 hours	2.6 ± 1.4	1.8 ± 1.2	0.011
24 hours	2.0 ± 1.1	1.5 ± 1.2	0.08
Intravenous morphine consumption (n)	50% (20)	10% (4)	< 0.001
First 12 hours	50% (20)	10% (4)	< 0.001
Second 12 hours	13% (5)	0	0.02
Intravenous morphine consumption (mg)	2.8 ± 2.8	0.3 ± 1.0	< 0.001
First 12 hours	2.4 ± 2.7	0.3 ± 1.0	< 0.001
Second 12 hours	0.4 ± 1.1	0	0.02

Continuous data are presented as means ± SD; categorical data presented as percentage (number).